孕产妇性格类型对围产期及产褥期后心理的影响

目的了解孕产妇的性格类型与围产期心理状态的关系，探讨有效的心理干预措施，为孕产妇心理保健工作提供科学依据。方法随机抽取2002年10月至2003年3月在产科门诊就诊的孕妇570例，采用艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行性格、心理状态及其影响因素的调查，对其中216例进行产时心理调查、300例于产后1～5d和产后42～60d跟踪调查。结果将孕产妇性格分为外向稳定、外向不稳定、内向稳定和内向不稳定四种类型，孕期焦虑、抑郁的发生率分别为10．5％、10．2％，产褥早期焦虑、抑郁的发生率分别为4．0％、5．3％，产褥后期与产褥期后抑郁的发生率分别为40．7％、10．0％，外向稳定的性格类型发生心理障碍者较少，内向不稳定性格类型发生心理障碍者较多。结论孕妇性格的稳定性对孕产妇心理状态的影响主要表现在不同性格人群发生心理障碍的几率不同，对高危人群实行重点干预可能减少围产期心理障碍的发生。

Personality and psychological characteristics in perinatal women

Objective To investigate the psychological characteristics and personality of perinatal women, and to provide evidence for effective psychological intervention. Methods Five hundred and seventy pregnant women were randomly selected from the out-patient department from October, 2002 to March, 2003. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) , Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) were applied for their personality, psychological characteristics and the influencing factors. Psychological surveys were performed in 216 cases in labor, and 300 cases were followed up during 1-5 days and 42-60 days postpartum. Results During pregnant period, the incidence of anxiety and depression was 10. 5% and 10. 2%, respectively, while 4. 0% and 5. 3% during early stage of puerperium. The rate of depression was 40. 7% and 10. 0% during late stage of puerperium and after puerperium. Pregnant women with personality of stability were less likely to have psychological disorder. Conclusions The rate of psychological disorder varies in different per sonallity. Proper intervention among high risk pregnant women is important in perinatal psychological