龙岩市新罗区农村20年普及自来水效益分析

目的 了解普及农村自来水与介水传染病发病率的关系，探讨农村饮用水管理的有效措施。方法收集1988-2007年间自来水普及率与主要介水传染病发病率及地方性氟中毒的控制效果。结果普及以山泉水为水源的自来水是山区农村简便、可行、有效的改水方式，农村自来水普及率从1988年的21．20％升至2007年底的87．80％，介水传染病发病率从1988年的421．00／10万降至2007年的31．60／10万：王坂村经8年的改水降氟，氟斑牙患病率从改水前的56．39％下降至7．27％，其中8～12岁学生氟斑牙患病率为8．33％，尿氟均值0．51mg／L（中位数），饮用水水氟从改水前的6．00mg／L降为0．08mg／L（中位数）．结论 农村改水是降低介水传染病发病率和控制地方性氟中毒的有效途径，农村自来水普及是社会主义新农村建设、提高农村生活质量的必备条件：加强农村饮用水设施管理是保证饮用水卫生、巩固改水成果的重要举措。

Efficiency Analysis on Tap Water Popularization in the Countryside in Xinluo District of Longyan City in 20 years

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relations between rural drinking water popularization and incidence of water brone diseases, inquiring the effective measure of rural drinking water management. METHODS Collect the data of the popularization rate of tap water, the incidence of the main water brone diseases and the control effect of endemic fluorosis from 1988 to 2007. RESULTS The spring water as water source of tap water was popularized, it is the simple and convenient, feasible and effective way of water-improvement in mountainous rural area. The popularization rate of tap water increased to 87.80% from 21.20% in the countryside from 1988 to 2007. The incidence of water brone diseases decreased from 0.421% to 0.0 316%. The rate of dental fluorosis decreased from 56.39% to 7.72% after water-improvement to reduce fluoride in Wangban Village in 8 years. The rate of dental fluorosis was 8.33% in students aged 8-12 years, the means of urine fluoride was 0.51 mg/L （the median） .The fluorine content of drinking water decreased from 6.00 mg/L to 0.08mg/L （ the median） . CONCLUSIONS Water-improvement is the effective way to reduce incidence of water brone diseases and control the endemic fluorosis.The rural drinking water popularization is the necessary condition to build socialist new countryside and improve the peasant＇s living quality. Strengthening the management of rural drinking water installation is the important move to ensure drinking water hygiene and consolidate water-improvement achievement.