年龄因素对飞行员短时记忆、速算和双重作业能力的影响

目的探讨现役战斗机飞行员短时记忆力、速算能力和双重作业能力与年龄的关系。方法用自行研制的双重任务实验装置，对１２０名不同年龄组现役战斗机飞行员进行７项测试。结果可记住并进行正确加法运算的最多数字个数（ＭＤＭＡ）、单项任务时四数连加答对的题数（ＮＡＡＳＴ）和正确率（ＣＲＡＳＴ）、双重任务时四数连加正确题数（ＮＡＡＤＴ）和正确率（ＣＲＡＤＴ）以及双重任务时四数连加正确题数与单独完成四数连加正确题数的比率（ＲＯＤＶＳ），这６项指标与年龄呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。经单因素方差分析发现年龄因素对ＭＤＭＡ、ＮＡＡＳＴ和ＮＡＡＤＴ有显著的主因素作用（Ｐ＜０．００１）。经Ｄｕｎｃａｎ＇ｓ检验发现３４岁以下各组与３５岁以上各组ＭＤＭＡ均值有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５），２８岁以下各组与２９岁以上各组ＮＡＡＳＴ、ＮＡＡＤＴ均值有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论现役战斗机飞行员短时记忆数字广度能力３５岁后明显下降，加法速算和双重作业能力２９岁后明显下降。

Influence of aging on short term memory, high speed calculative skill and dual task performances in fighter pilots

Objective To investigate influence of aging on short term memory, high speed calculative skill and dual task performances in fighter pilots. Methods Using self made dual task test unit and self designed tests, 120 fighter pilots of 6 age groups were examined. Seven indexes of the test results, namely, maximum of digits memorized and added correctly (MDMA), highest difficult level attained by right hand in single task (HDLRH), number of correct answers of 4 digit addition in single task(NAAST), correct rate of 4 digit addition in single task(CRAST), number of correct answers of 4 digit addition in dual task(NAADT), correct rate of 4 digit addition in dual task(CRADT) and ratio of correct answers of 4 digit addition in dual task versus in single task(RODVS) were collected, and relations between those indexes and age factor were tested with statistical methods. Results It was found that there were significant negative correlations between age factors and these indexes except HDLRH. Conclusion The ability of short term digit memory of fighter pilots will be obviously lowered after 35 years old. The ability of high speed addition calculation and dual task performances will also be lowered after 29 years old.