2004～2005年滇西地区肾综合征出血热调查

目的 为掌握滇西地区肾综合征出血热流行病学特点,提供防治参考,对人间和鼠间疫情进行了调查.方法 收集滇西本病疫情资料,并在该地区采集人血清以及鼠肺脏和血清作汉坦病毒抗原和抗体检查.结果 滇西地区2004和2005年共报告病例41例,占全省同期发病数的40.59%.主要发病地区为祥云、兰坪、古城、永胜、宁蒗、宾川、巍山、弥渡、大理市(县、区),人群隐性感染率为1.81%.2004和2005年在玉龙、古城、永胜、宾川、祥云、大理、澜沧、景东、龙陵、盈江、腾冲、昌宁、宁蒗县和兰坪县(市、区)采集到16种1 825份鼠肺标本,鼠间汉坦病带毒率为2.47%.居民区以褐家鼠和黄胸鼠为优势鼠种,野外以高山姬鼠和大绒鼠为优势种,带毒鼠种为褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、大绒鼠、大足鼠、高山姬鼠和臭鼩鼱.结论 该地区广泛存在以褐家鼠和黄胸鼠为主要宿主动物的家鼠型疫源地,也存在着以高山姬鼠和大绒鼠为主的野鼠型疫源地.滇西疫区正在扩大,应采取以灭家鼠和健康人群接种家鼠型或两型混合疫苗为主的防治措施.

Investigation on Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in The West of Yunnan Province, China

Objective To understand epidemiological characteristic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) for offering a guidance of control and prevention of HFRS in Yunnan Province.Method The data of cases with HFRS in the west of Yunnan Province,human sera and the lung tissue and sera of rodents in the investigated counties were collected.The antibody and antigen of hantavirus were also detected.Results There were 41 cases reported in the west of Yunnan Province in 2004 and 2005,accounting for 40.59% of the cases of the whole province in the same period.The main attacking areas were in Xiangyun,Lanping,Gucheng,Yongsheng,Ninglang,Dali,Binchuan,Weishang and Midu County with the inapparent infection rate of 1.81% in population in the epidemic areas.Sixteen species of 1 825 rodents had been captured in counties of Yulong,Gucheng,Yongsheng,Bingchuan,Xiangyun,Dali,Lancang,Jingdong,Longling,Yingjiang,Tengchong,Changning,Ninglang and Lanping in 2004 and 2005,with the carrying rate of hantavirus of 2.47% in rodents.The rodents of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus were the dominant species in human living areas and the rodents of Apodemus chevrieri and Eothenomys miletus were the dominant species in the fields.The virus-carrying rodents were Rattus norvegicus,Rattus flavipectus,Eothenomys miletus,Rattus nitidus,Apodemus chevrieri and Suncus murinus.Conclusions There are the Rattus foci with the hosts of the main rodents of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus,and there are also the Apodemus foci with the host of the main rodents of Apodemus chevrieri and Eothenomys miletus in the areas.The epidemic areas are enlarging in the west of Yunnan.Control measures should be taken to eliminate the rodents and apply vaccination of single or mixed type for HFRS prevention.