颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颈动脉次全或完全闭塞患者的术中超声评估

目的分析颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)治疗颈动脉次全或完全闭塞术中超声监测血管结构、血流动力学改变与手术再通的相关性。方法回顾性纳入2005年1月—2014年1月在首都医科大学宣武医院经DSA确诊为颈动脉闭塞性病变,并接受CEA治疗的患者共107例。根据术中超声检查结果,分为血流再通组86例和未通组21例。对比分析两组患者术前及术中大脑中动脉的血流速度及搏动指数,记录术中颈动脉血管异常、血管残余狭窄率、再通患者病变血管内径及血流速度及搏动指数。结果 (1)颈动脉再通患者术中与术前患侧MCA的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)分别为(82±32)和(60±17)cm/s,平均流速(MV)分别为(50±19)和(42±13)cm/s,血管搏动指数(PI)分别为0.97±0.25和0.67±0.14,术中较术前明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01);未通患者术中与术前MCA的PSV分别为(46±20)和(63±21)cm/s,EDV分别为(24±13)和(34±12)cm/s,MV分别为(32±16)和(44±15)cm/s,术中均较术前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01),但PI术中与术前比较差异无统计学意义(0.70±0.18和0.67±0.15,P=0.317)。(2)再通组病变血管内径术中较术前明显增宽[(3.4±0.9)和(0.6±0.4)mm,P=0.000]。术中超声检查发现再通者86例中血管结构轻度异常13例,未再通者均为血管结构显著异常。结论术中颈动脉超声结合经颅多普勒超声监测脑血流,可有效判断颈动脉血管结构及脑血管血流动力学的改善程度,及时指导术中二次修复。

Intraoperative ultrasound assessment of carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of patients with subtotal or complete occlusion of carotid artery

Objective To analyze the correlations of vascular structure, hemodynamic changes and surgical recanalization of carotid endarterectomy （ CEA） for the treatment of subtotal or complete occlusion of carotid artery. Methods A total of 107 patients with carotid artery occlusive disease diagnosed at Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University received CEA therapy from January 2005 to January 2014 and were enrolled retrospectively. According to the findings of introperative ultrasound,they were divided into either a recanalization group （n=86） or a non-recanalization group （n=21）. Preoperative and intraoperative carotid artery diameter and blood flow velocity were compared and analyzed with carotid ultrasonography. Intraoperative detected vascular abnormalities, residual vascular stenosis rate, blood flow velocity and pulsatility index of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery （ MCA） were documented. Results （1） The peak systolic velocity （PSV） （82 ± 32 cm/s and 60 ± 17 cm/s）,mean velocity （MV） （50 ± 19 cm/s and 42 ±13cm/s）,and pulsatility index （PI） （0. 97 ± 0. 25 and 0. 67 ± 0. 14） on the ipsilateral MCA in＆amp;nbsp;patients of carotid artery recanalization before and after procedure were significantly higher than those during the procedure. There were significant differences （all P=0. 000）. In patients failed to recanalize,the intraoperative and preoperative PSV,EDV,and MV of MCA were 46 ± 20 cm/s and. 63 ± 21 cm/s,24 ± 13 cm/s and 34 ± 12 cm/s, and 32 ± 16 cm/s and 44 ± 15 cm/s,respectively. They were reduced more significantly during the procedure than those after procedure. There were significant differences （ all P=0. 000 ） . But there was no significant difference in PI （0. 70 ± 0. 18 and 0. 67 ± 0. 15） compared with that before procedure （P=0. 317）. （2） The diseased vascular diameter of the recanalization group was significantly widened （0. 6 ± 0. 4 mm vs. 3. 4 ± 0. 9 mm,P=0. 000） compared with before procedure. The ov