Effect of the umami peptides on the ligand binding and function of rat mGlu4a receptor might implicate this receptor in the monosodium glutamate taste transduction

1. The effect of several metabotropic ligands and di- or tripeptides were tested on the binding of 3H]-L(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (3H]-L-AP4) on rat mGlu4 receptor. For selected compounds, the functional activity was determined on this receptor using the guanosine-5'gamma-35S]-thiotriphosphate gamma-35S]-GTP binding assay. 2. Using the scintillation proximity assay, 3H]-L-AP4 saturation analysis gave binding parameters K(D) and Bmax values of 150 nM and 9.3 pmoles mg-1 protein, respectively. The specific binding was inhibited concentration-dependently by several mGlu receptor ligands, and their rank order of affinity was established. 3. Several peptides inhibited the 3H]-L-AP4 binding with the following rank order of potency: glutamate-glutamate>glutamate-glutamate-leucine=aspartate - glutamate>glutamate - glutamate-aspartate>lactoyl-glutamate>aspartate-aspartate. Aspartate-phenylalanine-methyl ester (aspartame) was inactive up to 1 mM and guanosine-5'-monophosphate and inosine-5'-monophosphate were inactive up to 100 micronM. 4. The gamma-35S]-GTP binding functional assay was used to determine the agonist activities of the different compounds. For the rat mGlu4 agonists, L-AP4 and L-glutamate, the correlation between their occupancy and activation of the receptor was close to one. The peptides, Glu-Glu, Asp-Glu and Glu-Glu-Asp failed to stimulate the gamma-35S]-GTP binding at receptor occupancy greater than 80% and Glu-Glu-Leu appeared to be a weak partial agonist. These peptides did not elicit a clear dose-dependent umami perception. However, Glu-lac showed a good correlation between its potency to stimulate the gamma-35S]-GTP binding and its affinity for displacement of 3H]-L-AP4 binding. These data are in agreement with the peptide taste assessment in human subjects, which showed that the acid derivatives of glutamate had characteristics similar to umami.