Circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Canberra, Australia;2. University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia;3. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece;4. School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia;5. University of Navarra, Spain |
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| Abstract: | AimsCirculating vitamin D is linked with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A meta-analysis has yet to explicitly explore correlation between vitamin D and the risk of CVD incidence and recurrent CVD. This meta-analysis examines the association between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) and the risk of CVD incidence (fatal, non-fatal, fatal and non-fatal combined events) and the risk of recurrent CVD (fatal, recurrent, and fatal and recurrent combined events). PROSPERO registration-CRD42021251483.Data synthesisA total of 79 studies (46 713 CVD cases in 1 397 831 participants) were included in the meta-analysis, of which 61 studies examined the risk of CVD incidence events, and 18 studies examined risk of recurrent CVD events. The risk of CVD incidence events (RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.26–1.43, p < 0.001) and recurrent CVD events (RR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.46–2.36, p < 0.001) was higher in the lowest than the highest category of circulating 25(OH)D. Dose–response analysis reported a linear association for every 10 ng/ml increment of 25(OH)D and non-fatal CVD incidence events (RR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.89–0.98, p = 0.005), lower fatal recurrent CVD events (RR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.32–0.62, p < 0.001) and lower combined recurrent CVD events (RR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.65–0.97, p = 0.023). A non-linear association was observed between higher 25(OH)D and lower fatal CVD incidence events (P-nonlinear<0.001), lower combined CVD incidence events (P-nonlinear = 0.001), and lower non-fatal recurrent CVD events (P-nonlinear = 0.044).ConclusionsThe lowest category of circulating 25(OH)D was associated with a higher risk of CVD incidence events and recurrent CVD events. |
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| Keywords: | Vitamin D Cardiovascular disease Fatal Non-fatal Incidence CVD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0015" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Cardiovascular disease 25(OH)D" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0025" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 25 hydroxy-vitamin D HR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0035" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Hazard ratio OR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0045" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Odds Ratio RR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0055" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Risk Ratio BMI" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0065" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Body mass index CI" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0075" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Confidence interval HF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0085" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Heart Failure MI" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0095" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Myocardial infarction CHD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0105" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Coronary heart disease CAD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0115" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Coronary Artery Disease CS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0125" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Coronary Syndrome IHD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0135" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Ischemic heart disease MS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0145" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Mass Spectrometry RIA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0155" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Radioimmunoassay |
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