淋病奈瑟菌对头孢曲松耐药性及敏感性降低机制的研究进展

头孢曲松为目前治疗淋病的首选药物之一，国内外淋球菌耐药监测均发现淋球菌对头孢曲松敏感性降低，并已发现少数散发的头孢曲松耐药株。淋球菌对头孢曲松敏感性降低主要由染色体介导，目前大多数研究主要关注三个方面：一是抗生素作用靶位点的改变，影响抗生素与淋球菌的结合产生耐药；二是细菌细胞膜孔蛋白的改变，导致膜通透性降低产生耐药；三是外排系统的改变，导致细菌外排作用增强产生耐药。涉及的基因有penA、ponA、porB和mtrR等。

Mechanisms underlying the resistance and reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Ceftriaxone is one of the first-line drugs for gonorrhea treatment. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility studies have shown Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with reduced susceptibility or resistance to ceftriaxone, which is mainly mediated by chromosomes. Current studies on ceftriaxone resistance are mainly focused on three aspects, i.e., changes in antibiotic target sites affecting the combination of antibiotics and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, bacterial cell membrane porin changes resulting in decreased membrane permeability, and efflux system changes enhancing the bacterial efflux capacity. It has been demonstrated that penA, ponA, porB and mtrR genes arc associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance.