广州地区1087名大学生咳嗽的流行病学调查

目的调查广州地区大学生咳嗽的患病率及危险因素。方法采用统一的流行病学调查表,以整群随机抽样的方法对广州市某高校1091名大学生进行面访式问卷调查,咳嗽超过8周者进行胸部X线检查。结果调查资料完整的大学生有1087人,男生648人,女生439人,平均年龄为21.16岁±1.25岁。咳嗽的总患病率为10.9%,其中,男生患病率为10.3%,女生患病率为11.9%;急性咳嗽总患病率为7.6%,其中,男生患病率为6.9%,女生患病率为8.7%;慢性咳嗽总患病率为3.3%,男生患病率为3.4%,女生患病率为3.2%。无论在咳嗽总患病率,还是急性咳嗽或慢性咳嗽患病率,男女间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。77.8%的慢性咳嗽患者以咳嗽为惟一或主要症状,与急性咳嗽患者(44.6%)相比,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.166,P<0.01)。患鼻部疾病是慢性咳嗽患者的危险因素,33.3%的慢性咳嗽患者患有慢性鼻部疾病。结论咳嗽是广州地区青年大学生常见的症候,其患病率无性别差异。鼻部疾病是慢性咳嗽重要的危险因素。

An epidemiologic study of cough in young college students in Guangzhou

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of cough and its risk factors in young college students in Guangzhou. METHODS: Using a questionnaire with uniform scheme, a cluster-randomized sampling survey was conducted among young college students in Guangzhou. Fluoroscopy of chest was performed in subjects with persisted cough longer than 8 weeks. RESULTS: There were 1087 cases with complete data from 1091 people including 648 males, 439 females with an average age of 21.16 years old. The total prevalence of cough was 10.9%. Difference in prevalence of cough between males and females showed no significance (10.3% vs. 11.9%, P > 0.05). There were also no significant differences between male and female in prevalence rates of acute cough (6.9% vs. 8.7%, P > 0.05) and chronic cough (3.4% vs. 3.2%, P > 0.05). Under chronic cough condition, cough was more likely to be the only or major symptom than under acute cough condition (77.8% vs. 44.6%, chi(2) = 11.166, P < 0.01). Nasal disease was an important risk factor to the development of chronic cough, which was found in 33.3% of the patients with chronic cough and when having chronic nasal diseases. CONCLUSION: Cough seemed a common disorder in young college student in Guangzhou and there was no significant difference in prevalence between males and females. Nasal disease was an important risk factor to chronic cough.