Submacular hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration managed with vitrectomy,subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator,hemorrhage displacement with liquid perfluorocarbon,gas tamponade,and face-down positioning

Purpose

To investigate the outcomes of vitrectomy, subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) injection, hemorrhage displacement with liquid perfluorocarbon, gas tamponade, and face-down positioning, in hemorrhagic neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients.

Methods

In this retrospective case series, we reviewed the records of patients who were diagnosed as having submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to neovascular AMD between January and June 2016. The main outcome measure was the difference between preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Results

In 9 eyes of 9 patients, mean preoperative and postoperative BCVA at the last follow-up were 1.65 and 1.49 LogMAR, respectively (p?=?0.1), after a mean follow up time of 12.4?±?1.0?months. The SMH was successfully displaced in 5 of the 9 patients (55.5%). Four out of 9 patients (44.4%) gained ≥3 lines. The duration of SMH was 3.6?±?2.1?days (range 1–7) in the successfully displacement group, and was 10.0?±?1.8?days (range 8–12) in the group in which was SMH could not be displaced (p?=?0.002). The mean SMH area was smaller in the successfully displacement group than the group in which was SMH could not be displaced (p?=?0.04).

Conclusion

Vitrectomy, subretinal tPA injection, hemorrhage displacement with liquid perfluorocarbon, gas tamponade and face-down positioning was associated with improved visual outcomes in patients with hemorrhagic neovascular AMD. The duration and area of the SMH seemed to be related to the success of displacement.