228例抗菌药物不良反应分析

目的了解抗菌药物致不良反应（ADR）发生的特点、规律及影响因素，为临床合理用药提供参考。方法对川北医学院附属医院2009—2011年228例抗菌药物ADR报告按年龄、性别分布、给药途径、药品分类、累及器官或系统、常见ADR症状处理方法进行统计分析。结果228例ADR报告中，60岁以上患者有69例（30．3％），显著高于其他年龄组（P〈0．05）；引起ADR的抗菌药物有38种，主要为头孢菌素类87例（38．2％）和氟喹诺酮类61例（26．8％）。给药途径以静脉输注为主，共209例（90．4％），显著高于其他给药途径（P〈0．05）；ADR所累及的系统和（或）器官以皮肤及其附件损害最为普遍，共122例（47．3％），显著高于其他系统（P〈0．05）。结论抗菌药物ADR的发生与多种因素有关；临床上应进一步加强抗菌药物ADR的监测，以达到合理、安全、有效地使用抗菌药物，减少ADR的发生。

Analysis of 228 cases of antibiotics-induced adverse drug reactions

Objective To analyzed the related factors of adverse drug reactions （ADR） induced by antibiotics, in order to promote the proper use of drugs in the clinic. Methods A total of 228 ADR cases were collected from 2009 to 2011, and the data were analyzed retrospectively. The distribution of age and sex, route of administration, drug category, organs or systems involvement, and management of common ADR were analyzed. Results There were 69 （30.3%） patients with an age of 60 or above. 38 drugs were involved in the 228 ADR cases, in which 87 （27.6%） cases were caused by eephalosporins and 61 （26.8%） cases by fluoroquinolones. 209 ADR cases （90.4%） were induced via intravenous administration. The most common manifestations were lesions of ADR-involved systems, organs, and skin in 122 cases （47.3%）. Conclusions The occurrence of antibiotics-induced ADR was due to many factors. ADR monitoring must be further strengthened to ensure safe and effective use of antibiotics and reduce the occurrence of ADR.