吸入沙丁胺醇溴化异丙托品对喘息性支气管炎婴幼儿肺功能的影响

目的：喘息性支气管炎是3岁以内婴幼儿较常见的一种下呼吸道感染,治疗为抗炎和对症处理,但是否应用支气管扩张剂有所争议,国外的一些研究显示对改善临床症状会有帮助,但对婴幼儿肺功能的影响由于检查方法及检查时配合等问题国内外目前研究不多。该文对吸入沙丁胺醇、溴化异丙托品的20例患儿进行了肺功能的测定。方法：20例2个月至2岁6个月的喘息性支气管炎患儿,在吸入药物沙丁胺醇+溴化异丙托品前、吸入后30,60,120min各行一次潮气流速容量环(TBFV环)检查,并进行肺功能各项指标比较,包括潮气呼吸流速容量环的形态,反映小气道功能的敏感指标到达潮气呼气峰流速时的呼气量/潮气量(%VPF),呼出75%潮气量时的呼气流速/潮气呼气峰流速(25/PF),潮气呼气峰流速(PTEF),反映大气道功能的指标潮气呼气中期流速/潮气吸气中期流速(ME/MI),潮气呼吸状态下的通气功能,包括呼吸频率(RR),每公斤体重潮气量(TV/kg)。结果：吸入药物前患儿的TBFV环中呼气降支凹陷,呼气峰流速前移,%VPF为0.19±0.04,25/PF为0.42±0.11,均提示降低,表明大小气道阻力增高,吸入药物后30,60,120min分别与吸入药物前的RR,%VPF,25/PF,ME/MI,PTEF,TV/kg的指标比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论：喘息性支气管炎婴幼儿吸入沙丁胺醇+溴化异丙托品后,其大小气道阻力及通气功能的改善并不明显,提示β2肾上腺素能受体激动剂联合抗胆碱类药在治疗婴幼儿喘息性支气管炎中平喘对症的临床作用不大,治疗关键是抗感染,抗炎以减少气道黏膜充血水肿,保持气道通畅,包括分泌物引流。

Effects of salbutamo and ipraopium bromide inhalation on pulmonary function in young children with asthmatoid bronchitis

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of bronchodilator in asthmatoid bronchitis remains controversial. This study was designed to investigate the effects of bronchodilators, salbutamo and ipraopium bromide, on the pulmonary function in young children with this disease. METHODS: Pulmonary function tests were performed in 20 children with asthmatoid bronchitis (2 months-2.5 years of age) before and 30, 60, and 120 minutes after salbutamo and ipratropium bromide inhalation. The indexes of pulmonary function measured included tidal breathing flow volume (TBFV) loop, percent of tidal volume to peak tidal expiratory flow (%V-PF), terminal flows per peak expiratory flow (25/PF), peak tidal expiratory flow (PTEF), rate of mid-expiratory to mid-inspiratory flow (ME/MI), respiratory rate (RR) and tidal volume per kilogram (TV/kg). RESULTS: Before drug inhalation, the descending branch of the TBFV loop was depressed. The PTEF shifted forward and %V-PF (0.19 +/- 0.04) and 25/PF (0.42 +/- 0.11) decreased. These changes did not improve and the remaining indexes, RR, ME/MI and TV/kg, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after drug inhalation also remained similar to before inhalation. CONCLUSIONS: Salbutamo and ipratropium bromide inhalation did not improve the airway resistance and ventilation function in children with asthmatoid bronchitis. This suggests that the efficacy of bronchodilator in the treatment of this disease is doubtful.