成都地区儿童腹泻肠道腺病毒感染的流行病学特征调查

目的了解成都地区儿童腹泻腺病毒(ADV)的感染情况和流行特点,为临床诊治提供参考依据。方法随机收集8 556例18岁以下腹泻患儿的粪便标本,采用双抗体夹心法及免疫层析分析技术检测粪便标本中的ADV抗原,分析阳性患儿流行病学资料。结果 8 556份腹泻患儿粪便标本中,ADV抗原阳性416份,阳性率4. 86%;其中5月、6月、7月、8月ADV阳性检出率较高,分别为5. 52%、9. 99%、7. 59%、5. 27%,其中6、7月阳性率最高,分别可达9. 99%及7. 59%,两月份阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。6月与其他月份阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05);幼儿期及学龄前期患儿ADV感染率最高,为6. 45%及5. 80%,两个年龄段阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。幼儿期与其他年龄段患儿ADV感染率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05);男性患儿ADV感染率为4. 90%,女性患儿为4. 82%,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。结论成都地区儿童ADV感染高峰期在5～8月,峰值为6月,ADV感染年龄高峰为幼儿期。对儿童腹泻应尽早做ADV检测,及时发现病原体,以对ADV感染所致的儿童腹泻给予合理治疗,避免滥用抗菌药物,防止疾病传播。

Investigation on epidemiological characteristics of enteric adenovirus infection in children with diarrhea in Chengdu

Objective To investigate the prevalence and epidemic characteristics of adenovirus(ADV) in children with diarrhea in Chengdu,provide a reference basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The fecal samples of 8 556 children under 18 years old with diarrhea were randomly collected.Double antibody sandwich method and immunochromatography were used to detect ADV antigen in the fecal samples,the epidemiological data of children with positive ADV antigen were analyzed.Results Among 8 556 fecal samples,416 fecal samples were found with positive ADV antigen,the positive rate was 4.86%.The positive rates of ADV antigen in May,June,July,August were 5.52%,9.99%,7.59%,and 5.27%,respectively,the highest positive rates of ADV antigen were in June and July.There was no statistically significant difference in positive rate of ADV antigen between June and July(P<0.05).There was statistically significant difference in positive rate of ADV antigen between June and other months(P<0.05).The infection rate of ADV in early childhood and preschool period were the highest(6.45% and 5.80%),there was no statistically significant difference between the two periods(P >0.05),there was statistically significant difference between preschool period and other periods(P<0.05).The infection rates of ADV in boys and girls were 4.90% and 4.82%,respectively,there was no statistically significant difference between boys and girls(P > 0.05).Conclusion The infection rates of ADV in children are high in May,June,July,and August,which peak in June.The children in early childhood are more susceptible to ADV.AVD test should be done as soon as possible for children with diarrhea,timely detection of pathogens,reasonable treatment of diarrhea in children caused by ADV infection,avoidance of abuse of antimicrobial agents,and prevention of the spreading of diarrhea are necessary.