孕前过重及孕期增重过多与巨大儿的相关性分析

目的探讨孕前过重及孕期增重过多与巨大儿的关系,以期为围生期妇女的合理营养、体质量管理提供参考,从而切实降低巨大儿发生率,提高出生质量。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2016年12月于湖南省妇幼保健院妇女保健科产后保健专科门诊进行产后42 d检查的妇女孕前过重及孕期增重过多与巨大儿的关系。结果孕前超重组、肥胖组的巨大儿发生率均高于正常体重组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0. 001);随着孕期增重的增加,新生儿平均出生体重越重,差异有统计学意义(均P<0. 001);孕期增重过多组巨大儿发生率为8. 89%,孕期增重过多组巨大儿发生率高于孕期增重适宜组、孕期增重过少组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0. 001)。结论孕前过重及孕期增重过多增加巨大儿的发生率;应重视孕前过重的备孕妇女的营养指导,将控制巨大儿的关口前移;同时应重视孕期营养的指导,合理控制孕期体重增长,从而切实降低巨大儿的发生率。

Analysis on the correlations between prepregnancy overweight,excessive weight gain during pregnancy and macrosomia

Objective To explore the relationships between prepregnancy overweight,excessive weight gain during pregnancy and macrosomia,provide a reference for perinatal reasonable nutrition and body quality management,reduce the prevalence rate of macrosomia,and improve birth quality.Methods The relationships between prepregnancy overweight,excessive weight gain during pregnancy and macrosomia were analyzed retrospectively,all the women underwent postpartum examination at 42 days after delivery in Outpatient of Postpartum Health Care in Hu'nan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016.Results The incidence rate of macrosomia in overweight and obesity women were statistically significantly higher than that in normal weight women(P<0.001).Neonatal birth weight increased with weight gain during pregnancy(P<0.001).The incidence rate of macrosomia in women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy was 8.89%,which was statistically significantly higher than those in women with appropriate weight gain and low weight gain during pregnancy(P<0.001).Conclusion Prepregnancy overweight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy increase the incidence rate of macrosomia.Nutritional guidance for women with prepregnancy overweight should be simultaneously attended to control the prevalence of macrosomia in advance,paying attention to nutritional guidance during pregnancy and reasonably controlling weight gain during pregnancy can reduce the incidence rate of macrosomia.