不同食用油与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究

本实验采用Wistar雄性大鼠,体重250±20g,喂给四种食用油,即豆油、花生油、猪油和菜籽油。观察对血脂水平、心血管组织形态、脂肪酸组成及血小板聚集率的影响。结果表明,猪油影响最大,豆油最小。猪油组血清胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度明显高于豆油组(P<0.05)。血小板数和聚集率,猪油组分别为149×10~9/L(14.9万)和30.2％,豆油组力223×10~9/L (22.3万)和21.8％。组织中脂肪酸组成,猪油组饱和脂肪酸含量最高,血清、心肌和肝脏中分别为44.8％、56.1％和33.5％,豆油组分别为33.6％、55.2％和25.9％。多不饱和脂肪酸,猪油组较低,豆油组合量高。主动脉电镜观察结果,猪油组血管内皮细胞排列紊乱和肿胀最重,且每只动物均有发生。豆油组轻,每种奋发生1例。花生油影响次之。菜籽油对动物体重增长影响最大,而且心肌中C22∶1酸含量甚高,为27.2％。

A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VARIOUS EDIBLE OILS AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS

The effects of 4 kinds of edible oils on serum lipid levels, morphological changes of cardiovascular tissues, fatty acid compositions of various tissues and platelet function in rats had been observed. 40 adult Wistar rats fed semi-synthetic diet containing edible oil to supply 41% energy were divided into 5 group, i. e. control group (18.7% energy from fat), soy bean oil group, peanut oil group, lard group and rape seed oil group. The animals were fed the diets and water ad libitum for 2 months. The results showed that the lard gave the most serious detrimental effect but the soy bean oil was the least. The difference between these two groups was significant. The platelet number was 223×109/L and aggregation rate was 21.8% of the soy bean oil group but. the lard group 149×109/L and 30.2%. The composition (%) of PUFA in tissues was higher and that of saturated fatty acid was tower in soy bean ou group than those in lard group.Electron microscopical studies showed that the animals with vascular endothelial cells changes were more and the pathological changes were more serious in the lard group than those in the soy bean group.All groups except rape seed oil group increased weights in the experi-mental period at the similar rate. Rape seed oil group gained very little weights and aggregated more C22:1 especially in myocardium.