长期血液透析病人的膳食调查和营养评价

对30例长期血液透析病人进行了膳食调查和营养评价，透析时间6～111个月，平均38±30个月。结果，平均每人每日摄入热量7．51MJ，蛋白质60．5g，分别达推荐供给量的89．8％和88．6％，其中高生物价蛋白质占46．3％。脂肪摄入以植物油为主，P／S＝1．35。铁、硫胺素、烟酸、抗坏血酸摄入量均达推荐供给量标准，钙、锌、视黄酸当量和核黄素摄入不足，钙、锌、铁的利用率较低。结果表明，血液透析病人普遍存在不同程度的营养不良，表现在所有病人的血红蛋白和淋巴细胞总数降低，83．3％的病人臂肌围低于正常，43．3％的病人肱三头肌皮褶厚度降低。而仅有26．7％的病人存在轻度低蛋白血症，并且由于水潴留，多数病人体重正常。

A dietary survey and nutritional assessment of loug term hemodialysis patients

A study was carried out on 30 long term mainted hemedialpeis (MHD) patients ranged in duration from 6 to 111 months, with the mean of 38 months. The average consumption of energy was 7. 51 MJ per day, constituted 89. 8 of the RDA. The average consumption of protein was 60. 5g per day,88. 6 % of the RDA. The energy ratio of nutrients was basically rational. The consumptions of iron, thiamin, nicotinic acid and ascorbi acid were up to the RDA. The long term bemodialysis patients consumed very low amount of calcium and zinc, averaged 355mg and 12. 1mg daily, accounting for only 44. 4 % and 80. 7% of the RDA respectively. The consumptions of retinol equivalent and riboflavin were also below the RDA, accounting for 52% and 62. 5 % respectively. The nutrition assessment showed that all long term hemodialysis patients existed malnutrition, their blood hemoglobin and total lymph-cell counts were lower than normal values. The values of AMC and TSF of most patients were below the normal values.26. 7 % of the long term hemodialysis patients existed hypoproteinemia, however the they weight of most patients was basically normal due to retention of water.