肺结核病人两种痰涂片染色法结果比较

目的比较痰涂片两种染色方法对肺结核病人发现的作用。方法采集初诊活动期肺结核病例痰标本进行抗酸染色、荧光染色，并用酸性改良罗氏培养基法进行分离培养结核分枝杆菌，比较痰涂片阳性率。结果1344份痰标本中抗酸染色阳性率11．6％、荧光染色阳性率13．8％，差异有统计学意义（χ2=21．43，P〈0．01）；246份痰培养阳性标本中抗酸染色和荧光染色镜检结果1＋时阳性率分别为20．3％、29．3％，差异有统计学意义（χ2=13．78，P〈0．01）。结论两种痰涂片染色方法对初诊结核病人发现差异有统计学意义，特别是对痰标本中低密度结核分枝杆菌发现荧光染色效果更好，应加强基层技术培训，提高结核病人发现率。

Results comparison of two stain sputum smear methods of tuberculosis patients

Objective Two stain methods for sputum smear were compared to explore the effect for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods Acid -fast staining, fluorescent staining were performed in sputum speci- mens of preliminary tuberculosis cases, and mycobacterium tuberculosis were isolated and cultured with acid Lowenstein Jensen culture medium, to compare positive rate of sputum specimens. Results Among 1, 344 sputum specimens, the positive rate of smear acid - fast staining and fluorescent staining was 11.6% and 13.8% respectively, the differences were statistically significant （χ2 =21.43, P 〈0.01 ） ; Among 246 sputum culture positive specimens when microscopic examination results were 1 ＋ , the positive rate of smear acid -fast staining and fluorescent staining was 20. 3% and 29.3% respectively, the differences are statistically significant （χ2 = 13.78, P 〈 0. 01 ） . Conclusions There were significant differences for the detection rate of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients between two stain methods for sputum smear, the fluorescent staining method has a better effect on the detection rate of low density of mycobacterium tuberculosis, technical training for primary level should be strengthened, to improve the detection rate of tuberculosis patients.