骨髓间充质干细胞修复软骨缺损的应用前景

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞是一种非造血性成体干细胞，主要存在于骨髓，具有很强的增殖能力和多向分化潜能，临床应用前景广阔。 目的：对促进骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化的生长因子、生物支架等方面的最新研究进展进行综述。 方法：以“cartilage defects，tissue engineering，biological scaffolds，bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells，cytokines”和“软骨缺损，组织工程，生物支架，骨髓间充质干细胞，细胞因子 ”为检索词，由第一作者检索1990至2014年PubMed和中国知网数据库，查阅近年骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化的相关文献，最终保留51篇文献进行分析。 结果与结论：骨髓间充质干细胞具有向软骨细胞分化的潜能，目前许多细胞因子可以促进骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化，很多生物支架可以作为骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化的载体。但是骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化的研究还在探索过程中，真正进入临床还有许多亟待解决和深入探究的问题。

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for repair of cartilage defects

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are a kind of non-hematopoietic adult stem cells, mainly distributing in the bone marrow, with strong proliferation and differentiation potential, which has a promising clinical prospect. OBJECTIVE:To review the latest progress in growth factors and biological scaffolds to promote chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:PubMed and CNKI databases were searched by the first author using key words of “cartilage defects, tissue engineering, biological scaffolds, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, cytokines” in English and in Chinese, respectively, to retrieve relevant articles published from 1990 to 2014. Literatures addressing the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were included, and 51 articles were chosen for further analysis eventually. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to differentiate into chondrocytes, which can be induced by many cytokines. Various biological scaffolds act as a carrier for chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. But there are still lots of problems to be solved and in-depth explored clinically.