优秀青少年男子篮球运动员腰腹屈伸肌群生物力学特征

背景：目前，等速测试系统在评定各专项运动员肌肉功能的应用越来越受到重视，但运用等速肌力测试技术研究优秀青少年男子篮球运动员腰腹肌力特征的报道较少。目的：研究优秀青少年男子篮球运动员腰腹屈伸肌群生物力学特征，为篮球项目的腰腹力量训练、科学选材和预防腰腹损伤提供依据。方法：采用Cybex-Norm等速肌力测试系统，对广州男子篮球队运动员18人测定腰腹屈伸肌群在慢速60(°)/s和快速180(°)/s的肌力和做功情况。结果与结论：受试者腰腹屈伸肌群的峰力矩和相对峰力矩在同一测试速度下，伸肌群大于屈肌群(P < 0.01)；腰腹屈伸肌群的峰力矩、相对峰力矩、总功均随着测试速度的增加呈减小趋势(P < 0.05)，伸肌群的峰力矩和相对峰力矩减少更显著(P < 0.01)；腰腹屈伸肌群的相对功率随着测试速度的增加而呈上升趋势(P < 0.01)；外线球员腰腹屈伸肌群各测试指标成绩优于内线球员；在等速向心收缩时，随测试速度加快，腰腹屈伸肌群的峰力矩屈伸比呈递减趋势，躯干稳定性减弱。结果提示，优秀青少年男子篮球运动员腰腹伸肌群肌力大于屈肌群；外线球员腰腹屈伸肌群的肌力优于内线球员；等速快速运动时，腰腹屈伸肌群力量减小，腰腹关节屈伸肌力平衡性减弱，应加强青少年男子篮球运动员腰腹核心肌群快速力量训练。  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

Biomechanical characteristics of waist flexor and extensor muscles in outstanding juvenile male basketball athletes

BACKGROUND:At present, isokinetic testing system has attracted more and more attentions in the evaluation of athlete muscle function, but its application in the detection of waist and abdomen muscle strength characteristics in juvenile male basketball athletes is rarely reported.OBJECTIVE:To study the biomechanical characteristics of waist flexor and extensor muscles inoutstanding juvenile male basketball athletes in order to provide the basis for waist and abdominal strength training, scientific selection and prevention of lumbar abdomen injury in basketball sport.METHODS:Eighteen athletes from the Guangzhou Men’s Basketball Team were subjected to the detection of muscle strength and work of waist flexor and extensor muscles at 60(°)/s and 180(°)/s using Cybex-Norm isokinetic test system.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At the same testing speed, the peak torque and relative peak torque of the extensor muscles were higher than those of the flexor muscles (P < 0.01). The increase in the peak torque, relative peak torque and total work of the waist extensor and flexor muscles exhibited a reduced tendency with the increasing of testing speed (P < 0.05); the peak torque and relative peak torque of the extensor muscles were  decreased more significantly (P < 0.01); the relative power of the waist extensor and flexor muscles were increased gradually with the increasing of testing speed (P < 0.01). These parameters were better in perimeter players than in post players. Under the isokinetic concentric contraction, the peak torque ratio of extensor to flexor muscles showed a decreasing trend with the increasing of testing speed and the waist flexor peak torque and extensor muscles flexion showed a decreasing trend, and the trunk stability was weakened. These findings indicate that the muscle strength of the extensor muscles was higher than that of the flexor muscles; the muscles strength of the waist flexor and extensor muscles was better in perimeter players than in post players. In isokinetic rapid movement, the muscle strength of the waist flexor and extensor muscles were reduced and the balance of the muscle strength of the waist flexor and extensor muscles was weakened, suggesting rapid strength training of the waist and abdominal core muscles should be strengthened in juvenile male basketball athletes.