碘与甲状腺疾病

微量元素碘摄入过低或过高均可诱发各种甲状腺疾病。碘摄入量过低与结节性甲状腺肿以及甲状腺恶性肿瘤的患病率有一定的联系，而碘摄入量过高与多种甲状腺疾病（包括结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺功能亢进症、甲状腺功能减退、自身免疫性甲状腺疾病、甲状腺肿瘤等）的相关性已经得到不同文献的证实。为防治缺碘性甲状腺疾病推行补碘策略后，某些地区在碘摄入量增加的情况下却发现一些甲状腺疾病的患病率也有所增加。现对近年来流行病学、临床研究、分子生物学等领域的相关研究进展进行归纳与总结，并探讨碘摄入量对甲状腺疾病的影响及其相应作用机制。

Iodine and thyroid diseases

There is an importent relationship between iodine intake and most thyroid diseases. Both excess and deficiency of iodine intake are risk factors for thyroid diseases. Deficiency of iodine intake is related with the morbidity rate of nodular goiter and thyroid cancer. Excess of iodine intake is related with lots of thyroid diseases including nodular goiter, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, autoimmunity thyroid disease and thyroid neoplasm, whieh is reported by kinds of literatures. Actually, the morbidity rate of some thyroid disorders was found increasing more or less after the execution of iodine supplements strategy in some areas. Now, the research focuses of thyroid disorders are located in epidemiology, clinical experiments, molecular biology mainly. There has been a discussion about the relationship between iodine intake, thyroid disorders, and the molecular mechanism.