股四头肌腱的临床应用解剖

目的　为临床应用股四头肌腱重建膝关节交叉韧带提供临床解剖学资料。 方法　在10具成人尸体标本上（20只膝关节）解剖观察股四头肌腱的形态和走行关系以及在髌骨附着点的解剖学特点，测量股直肌腱起止点宽度、长度以及髌骨上极的厚度。 结果　股直肌止点的宽度为（3.20±0.33）cm。起点的宽度为（1.28±0.25）cm。完全为腱性组织的长度为（6.96±0.80）cm。股直肌腱近侧端约4/5完全游离，远侧端约1/5与股外侧肌和股中间肌融合，共同构成股四头肌腱，附着于髌骨上极前方约3/4部分。髌上极的平均厚度为(2.22±0.14)cm。 结论　股四头肌腱的的解剖学特点，完全使其可以作为临床上行膝关节交叉韧带重建的供区之一。

Clinical anatomy of the the tendon of quadriceps femoris

Objective　To provide anatomy data of the tendon of quadriceps femoris for reconstructing cruciate ligament of knee joint.　Methods　On 10 adult cadavaric lower limb specimens (20 knee joints), anatomic features of the patellar insertion of quadriceps femoris tendon were investigated. The length and width of the tendon of rmusculus rectus and the thickness of upper patellar pole were measured respectively.　Results　The patellar insertion width of rectus femoris was about（3.20±0.33）cm, and the original width （1.28±0.25）cm. The length of tendon tissue was （6.96±0.80）cm. The proximal four-fifths of rectus femoris was fully discrete, but the one-fifths of distal end fused with vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius, and formed the quadriceps femoris tendon, which inserted to the three-fourths upper pole anterior aspect of the patella. The average thickness of the upper pole of patella was (2.22±0.14) cm.　Conclusions　Given of the anatomic features of quadriceps femoris tendon, it is suitable for reconstructing the cruciate ligament of knee joint using this tendon.