下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解下呼吸道感染病原菌的种类及其对常用抗菌药物的耐药性,以便于指导临床用药.方法 选择医院收治的120例下呼吸道感染患者,对所有患者的痰液或气管灌洗液标本进行细菌培养以及药敏试验.结果 120例患者共培养出132株病原菌,其中革兰阳性菌36株,占27.3％,以金黄色葡萄球菌及表皮葡萄球菌为主；革兰阴性菌82株,占62.1％,主要为铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、不动杆菌属；真菌14株,占10.6％,以白色假丝酵母菌为主；药敏试验表明,对于革兰阳性菌耐药性最高为头孢一代,最低为万古霉素,革兰阴性菌耐药性最低为亚胺培南.结论 下呼吸道感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,普通感染可选用喹喏酮类或氨基糖苷类抗菌药物,严重感染可选用亚胺培南.

Distribution of pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections and drug resistance

OBJECTIVE To explore the species of pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections and the their resistance to commonly used antibiotics,so as to guide the clinical use of antibiotics.METHODS A total of 120 patients with respiratory tract infections were selected,the bacterial cultures for the sputum and tracheal lavage specimens of all the patients were performed,the drug susceptibility testing was carried out.RESULTS Totally 132 strains of pathogens were cultured from 120 patients,there were 36(27.3%) strains of gram-positive bacteria,among which Staphylococcus aureus and S.epidermidis were dominant;there were 82(62.1%) strains of gram-negative bacteria,among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,and Acinetobacter were dominant;there were 14(10.6%) strains of fungi,among which Candida albicans was the main species;the drug susceptibility testing showed that the drug resistance of gram-positive bacteria was the highest to the first generation of cephalosporins and the lowest to vancomycin,and the drug resistance of gram-negative bacteria was the lowest to imipenem.CONCLUSION The main pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections are gram-negative bacteria,common infections can be treated with the quinolones or aminoglycoside antibiotics,severe infections can be treated with imipenem.