6种内生菌对发酵人参茎叶农药残留降解和皂苷转化的影响

目的 研究6种内生菌对人参茎叶中5种农药残留降解和20种皂苷单体转化的影响。方法 在同一培养条件下，通过GC、HPLC分别对6种人参内生芽孢杆菌处理前后人参茎叶中农药残留及人参皂苷含量进行测定，计算6种内生菌对人参茎叶中农药残留率和皂苷转化率，评价内生菌对人参茎叶转化产物质量的影响，优选出降农残和转化皂苷效果好的菌株。结果 6种人参内生菌对人参茎叶中的5种农药残留均有降解作用，其中，多黏类芽孢杆菌对农药残留降解作用最强，氟啶胺、六六六、五氯硝基苯、毒死蜱、滴滴涕的降解率分别为86.90%,88.89%,79.88%,86.12%和86.67%(P<0.05)；对20种单体皂苷均有转化作用，其中，赖氨酸芽孢杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌转化人参茎叶皂苷作用最强，20种单体皂苷加和值分别为5.84%和5.85%(P<0.05)。结论 6种内生菌对人参茎叶农药残留降解和皂苷转化的影响不同，多黏类芽孢杆菌降解农药残留效果最好，赖氨酸芽孢杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌转化人参皂苷效果最好，为提高人参茎叶总皂苷提供理论依据。

Effects of Six Kinds of endophytes on pesticide residue degradation and Conversion of saponins in Ginseng Stems and Leaves

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of 6 kinds of endophytes on the degradation of 5 pesticide residues and the conversion of 20 saponin monomers in the stem and leaves of ginseng. METHODS Under the same culture conditions, the contents of pesticide residues and ginsenosides in the stems and leaves of ginseng before and after treatment with 6 kinds of endophytes were determined by GC and HPLC, respectively. The pesticide residue rate and ginsenoside conversion rate of 6 kinds of endophytie in stems and leaves of ginseng were calculated. The effects of endophytes on the quality of transformation products of stems and leaves of ginseng were evaluated, and the strains with good effect of reducing agricultural residues and transforming ginsenosides were selected. RESULTS Six kinds of ginseng endophytes could degrade five kinds of pesticide residues in ginseng stems and leaves, among which Bacillus polymyxa had the strongest degradation effect on pesticide residues. The degradation rates of fluazinam, benzene hexachloride, pentachloronitrobenzene, chlorpyrifos and dichlorodiphenyltrichoroethane were 86.90%, 88.89%, 79.88%, 86.12% and 86.67%, respectively(P<0.05). It could transform 20 kinds of monomer saponins, among which Bacillus lysine and Bacillus cereus had the strongest effect on transforming ginseng stem and leaf saponins, and the sum values of 20 monomer saponins were 5.84% and 5.85% respectively(P<0.05). CONCLUSION The 6 kinds of endophytes have different effects on pesticide residue degradation and conversion of saponins in ginseng stems and leaves, the Paenibacillus polymyra have the best degradation effect on pesticide residues, Bacillus bsine and Bacillus cereus have the best effect on transforming ginsenosides, which provide theoretical basis for improving the total ginsenosides of ginseng stems and leaves.