遗忘型轻度认知障碍和轻度阿尔茨海默病的认知损害特征研究

目的明确遗忘型轻度认知障碍（amnesia-mild cognitive impairment,a-MCI）患者和轻度阿尔茨海默病（alzheimer＇s disease,AD）患者的认知损害特征。方法对13例a-MCI患者、22例轻度AD患者和37例正常对照进行全面的认知测查,除简易精神状态检查（mini-mental state examination,MMSE）外,测验可覆盖4个认知域：记忆力、信息处理速度、执行功能、视空间结构能力,进行组间比较。结果 3组患者在年龄、受教育程度及性别组成上匹配。轻度AD组的所有认知测验成绩都差于正常对照组,而且多数测验较a-MCI组也有减退。a-MCI组的MMSE、记忆相关测验以及多个执行功能相关测验结果都差于正常对照组,信息处理速度和视空间结构能力相关测验与对照组间无统计学差异。结论轻度AD患者表现为全面的认知功能减退。a-MCI患者除存在显著的记忆障碍外,还存在执行功能的异常,信息处理速度和视空间结构能力尚正常。

Cognitive Profile of Amnesia-mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer's Disease

Objective To determine the cognitive profile of amnesia-mild cognitive impairment(a-MCI) and mild Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Methods In addition to the mini-mental state examination(MMSE),extensive neuropsychological tests covering memory,executive function,mental processing speed,and visuoconstructive skill were performed on 13 a-MCI patients,22 mild AD patients,and 37 normal control subjects.The impaired domains in the 2 patient groups were determined.Results Mild AD group showed impairments in all cognitive domains.Compared with normal control subjects,a-MCI patients did worse in MMSE,memory assessments,and tests tapping executive function.No significant difference existed between a-MCI group and control group on evaluations for mental processing speed and visuoconstructive skills.Conclusion Current study indicated an overall cognitive decline in mild AD patients.While a-MCI mainly impaired in memory,they also showed deficit in executive function.A-MCI patients remain relatively normal in mental processing speed and visuoconstructive skills.