我国近40年来死因构成的变迁及预防对策的思考

目的　为卫生主管部门的科学决策、确定疾病的防制重点、合理分配卫生资源提供可靠依据 ,并提出相应的预防对策。方法　通过收集、综合、整理我国部分城市及县的有关资料 ,应用Office 2 0 0 0进行图表处理 ,并作趋势卡方检验 ,对我国近 4 0年来死因构成比及主要死因死亡率的变化进行分析。结果　解放以来 ,我国人口死亡率显著下降 ;近 4 0年来城乡死因构成比发生了明显变化 ,恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒已成为前 5位死因 ,占总死亡的 80 %左右 ,城市以恶性肿瘤为首位 ,农村以呼吸系统疾病为首位 ;内分泌、营养、代谢及免疫疾病、精神病、神经病进入城市前 10位死因 ,新生儿病、传染病、肺结核仍处于农村前 10位死因之列。结论　我国医疗卫生事业取得了巨大成就 ,特别是在传染病、肺结核防治方面 ;恶性肿瘤、慢性病、损伤和中毒应作为今后我国疾病防治的重点之一 ;在农村 ,应进一步加强妇幼保健 ,降低新生儿病死亡率

The Change in Trend or Conditions of the Proportionate Mortality Rate of China in the Last Forty Years and the Thinking of the Preventive Countermeasures

Objective:To provide sound basis for scientific policy-making of the department in charge of hygiene,affirming the emphasis of the prevention of the diseases and rational distributing the resources of hygiene,and to present the preventive countermeasures. Methods: Through gathering,synthesizing and processing the data,the change of the proportionate mortality rate was analysed.The chart and table were described through using Office 2000.The trend of crude mortality rate was tested by Chi-squared test.Results: Since liberation,the crude mortality rate in the city and countryside had declined significantly.The proportionate mortality rate had changed obviously in the last forty years. The cancer, cerebrovascular disease,cardiac disease,respiratory system disease, hurt and poisoning had been the cause of death,standing in the first five places on the list, which accounted for about 80% of the all death. The cancer and the respiratory system disease stood in the first place in city and in the country respectively. The endocrine, nutrition, metabolism and immunity disease, psychosis, neurosis in city and the neonatal disease,communicable disease,pulmonary tuberculosis in countryside were in the first ten places on the list. Conclusion: Our country had obtained great achievements in the medical and health work, especially in the prevention and cure of communicable disease and pulmonary tuberculosis.The cancer, chronic disease, hurt and poisoning should be one of the emphasis of prevention and cure in future.The maternal and child hygiene should be strengthened continuously to decline the neonatal mortality in countryside.