心衰大鼠室旁核微量注射AT1和AT2受体阻滞剂对肾交感神经活性的影响

目的: 研究慢性心衰大鼠室旁核微量注射血管紧张素II-1型和2型(AT₁和AT₂)受体阻滞剂对心率、血压和肾交感神经系统的影响,揭示心衰大鼠下丘脑室旁核对交感系统的调节机制。方法: 采用SD大鼠,手术组用左冠状动脉前降支结扎术制作心衰模型,假手术组大鼠左冠状动脉前降支下穿线但不结扎。术后4周,测定血流动力学评判心功能状态,测定心脏/体重比与肺/体重比,并进行心脏病理组织学观察。对符合标准的大鼠进行麻醉,经腹膜后途径暴露左肾,在手术显微镜下剥离肾交感神经,脑立体定位仪对大鼠室旁核定位,微量注射AT₁和AT₂受体阻滞剂(100 nL),POWERLAB 8/30系统采集信号,记录心率、血压和肾交感神经放电活动的改变,人工脑脊液组作为对照。结果: 肾交感神经放电:下丘脑室旁核微量注射AT₁受体阻滞剂导致肾交感神经兴奋性减弱,对心衰大鼠交感神经的兴奋性减弱较假手术组明显。下丘脑室旁核微量注射AT₂受体阻滞剂及人工脑脊液对心衰大鼠及假手术大鼠交感神经的兴奋性改变不明显。结论: 心衰时室旁核内注射AT₁、AT₂受体阻滞剂对交感神经的输出反应有差异。在中枢肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS),血管紧张素II主要通过AT₁受体起作用,而AT₂受体无相关介导作用。

Microinjection of AT1 and AT2 receptor antagonists into PVN affects renal sympathetic nerve activity in chronic heart failure rats

AIM: To examine the renal sympathoexcitation affected by microinjection of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 (AT₁) receptor antagonist L-158809 and angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 (AT₂) receptor antagonist PD123319 into paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in heart failure rats.METHODS: Left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was used to induce rat heart failure (HF) . Four weeks after operation, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the ratios of heart weight/body weight and lung weight/body weight, and the ratio of infarct area of the left ventricle were observed. Under anesthesia, SD rats were fixed into the brain stereo controller to locate PVN for microinjection and the artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) was used for control. The left kidney was exposed by retroperitoneal approach and the renal sympathetic nerve was separated under surgical microscope. The heart rate, blood pressure and the activity of renal sympathetic nerve discharge (RSNA) were recorded by POWERLAB 8/30 system. RESULTS: Microinjection of AT₁ receptor antagonist into PVN induced a decrease in RSNA in both HF rats and sham rats. The RSNA responses to L-158809 in the HF rats were significantly greater (P<0.05) than those in the sham rats. However, microinjection of AT₂ receptor antagonist and ACSF into PVN induced no change of RSNA in both HF and sham rats. CONCLUSION: There are some differences of sympathetic nerve outputs between using AT₁ receptor antagonist and AT₂ receptor antagonist on PVN, indicating the up-regulation of AT₁ receptors in PVN during HF. The central renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS) may be affected by AT₁ receptor, not by AT₂ receptor.