骨组织结构显微形态分析

目的 应用原子力显微镜和扫捕电镜观察分析人长管状骨组织中的微观结构、以了解骨组织的超微结构以及胶原和矿物质的构成和形态。方法 取新鲜人尸体肱骨标本，固定脱水，分别制作骨磨片和切成薄片．分别在光学显微镜、原子力显微镜和扫描电镜分析骨组织矿化区的结构。结果 在光学显微镜下．骨陷窝呈环状排列在哈佛管周围，骨小管沟通骨陷窝与哈佛管和骨陷窝之间的联系。在原子力显微镜的观察下．大胶原蛋白的形态消楚显示；在矿化区胶顾蛋白纤维增厚．呈小盘叠加形态．钙-磷晶体呈椭圆柱形状；可清晰观察到骨小管和骨陷窝的大小和形念及骨小管和骨陷窝的关系，在扫描电镜下．骨基质呈环形沿哈佛系统排列．钙-磷晶体之间相互呈规则排列。结论 原子力显微镜可分析胶原蛋白和基质中钙-磷晶体的三维结构形态、骨小管和骨陷窝的三维构成及大小；骨小管是交流营养物质和分子信号到骨陷窝中骨细胞的通道。

Optical, scanning electron and atomic force microscopic observation of the microstructure of human humeral bone]

OBJECTIVE: To observe the microstructure of human long bone with scanning electron and atomic force microscopes to understand the ultrastructural organization and the composition and the morphology of the bone collagen and minerals. METHOD: Fresh human cadaveric humeral bone were fixed and dehydrated to prepare the ground sections and thin slices, respectively, which were observed for bone microstructure using optical, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, respectively. RESULTS: Under optical microscope, the bone lacunae were in circular permutation around the Haversian canal, and the canaliculi communicated the lacunae and Haversian canal or between the lacunae. Atomic force microscopy represented distinct morphology of the large clusters of collagen, and the collagen fibers thickened in the mineralized zone and appeared in the shape of overlapping discs, whereas the calcium-phosphorus crystal displayed ellipse cylinders. The size, shape and relation of the canaliculi and lacunae were observed clearly. The bone matrix was observed in circular arrangement along the Haversian canal and the calcium-phosphorus crystal was in regular alignment under scanning electron microscope. CONCLUSION: Atomic force microscopy can help analyze the three-dimensional configuration of calcium-phosphorus crystal and bone collagen as well as the canaliculi and lacuna. The canaliculi serve as the channels mediating alimentation and molecular signals into the lacuna.