社区空巢老人抑郁状况的影响因素分析

目的了解上海市社区空巢老人的抑郁状况及其影响因素,为政府有关部门完善相关政策提供依据。方法便利抽样选择上海市嘉定区真新街道4个街区的空巢老人212名,应用老年抑郁量表、社会支持量表等测量工具对其进行调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果社区空巢老人抑郁发生率为31.13%。经单因素分析,年龄大、无配偶、文化程度低、独居、参加体育活动频率低、1年内住过院、自我健康评价低者,其抑郁评分及其发生率高,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。经逐步多元线性回归分析,社区空巢老人抑郁评分的主要影响因素包括年龄、有无配偶、居住状况、参加体育活动频率、自我健康状况评价、1年内是否住过院(P0.05)。相关性分析发现,社区空巢老人的抑郁分值与其客观支持、主观支持、对社会支持利用度、社会支持总分均呈负相关(P0.01)。结论社区空巢老人抑郁状况的影响因素众多,社区及家庭应多给予关注,尤其是高龄、无配偶、独居的空巢老人,以期为空巢老人营造幸福安康的生活环境,提高其生命质量。

Influencing Factor Analysis of Depression Status of Empty Nest Elderly in Community

Objective To investigate the depression of empty nest elderly in community and its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for administration.Methods By convenience sampling,212 empty nest elders in 4 communities were selected and investigated by using geriatric depression scale and social sup-port rate scale,and analysis the results.Results The prevalence rate of depression among the empty nest elders was 31.13%.The univariate analysis relsults showed that the incidence of depression in the aged,no spouse,lower literacy,living alone,lower physical activity frequency,hospitalization in a year,lower self-assessment of health condition was high （all P〈0.05）.The multivariate statistical analysis showed that the depression of the aged was mainly influenced by age,marriage status,living status,physical activity frequency,self-assessment of health condition,hospitalization in a year（P〈0.05）.The depression of the aged was negatively related to subjective support,objective support,utilization of social support and total score of social support（P ＆lt;0.01）.Conclusion Multiple factors may influence the depression of elderly.The society and family should give them more concern especially for those with aging,no spouse and living a-lone and set up a happy life environment to improve their quality of life.