816例皮肤点刺试验过敏原结果分析

目的 探讨特应性皮炎、慢性荨麻疹、慢性湿疹常见过敏原的可能致病情况.方法 用标准变应原液在前臂屈侧皮肤进行皮肤点刺试验,分别用0.1%组胺和0.9%氯化钠液作阳性和阴性对照,统计分析采用x2检验.结果 尘螨(屋尘螨+粉尘螨)的阳性率最高,达50.0%～78.6%,其次为动物毛,达7.1%～21.4%,霉菌的阳性率也较高,达7.1%～14.3%,并且这3种变应原在3种疾病间的阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),以特异性皮炎的阳性率最高.食物组过敏原中虾的阳性率(6.6%～14.3%)最高,但在3种疾病间的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);金枪鱼在慢性荨麻疹中的阳性率(9.5%)较高,鸡蛋、牛奶、芹菜在特异性皮炎中的阳性率(7.1%～14.3%)较高,这4种变应原在3种疾病间的阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 吸入组过敏原是慢性过敏性皮肤病的常见过敏原,尘螨为首要过敏原,以特异性皮炎的阳性率为最高.

Allergen analysis in 816 patients with chronic allergic dermatoses

Objective To assess the distribution of common allergens in atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria and chronic eczema. Methods Skin prick tests were performed on the flexor surface of forearm of 816 patients with different chronic allergic dermatoses (including atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria and chronic eczema) using standard allergen extracts, 0.1% histamine solution (positive control ) and physiological saline (negative control). Statistical analysis was carried out by the chi-square test. Results The sensitization rate to dust mite, which varied from 50.0% to 78.6%, was highest among the tested allergens, followed by that to animal hair (7.1%-21.4%) and mould (7.1%-14.3%). Also, statistically different sensitization rates to these three allergens were observed between patients with atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria and chronic eczema (all P ＜ 0.01 ), and atopic dermatitis patients showed the highest sensitization rate to all the three allergens. No significant difference was observed in the sensitization rate to shrimp among the three groups of patients (P ＞ 0.05), although among food allergens, it was the most common sensitizing allergen with a sensitization rate of 6.6% to 14.3%. A relative increment was observed in the sensitization rate to tuna (9.5%)in patients with urticaria as well as in that to egg, milk and celery (7.1%-14.3%) in patients with atopic dermatitis; furthermore, a statistical difference was noted in the sensitization rate to the four allergens among the three groups of patients (all P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Inhaled allergens are common sensitizing agents in chronic allergic skin diseases; dust mite predominates in these allergens, especially in patients with atopic dermatitis who exhibit the highest sensitization rate.