1230例药物致过敏性休克不良反应报告分析

目的:探讨药物致过敏性休克不良反应的发生规律和特点,为临床防范严重药品不良反应提供参考。方法:采用回顾性分析方法,收集军队不良反应监测中心2009–2019年过敏性休克不良反应报告1230例,对患者性别、年龄、药品种类、给药途径、关联性评价及转归等进行统计、分析。结果:抗感染药物、血液系统药、诊断用药、中药制剂、抗肿瘤药相关过敏性休克依次占比28.54%、14.63%、10.98%、9.76%、8.70%;静脉用药导致过敏性休克发生率最高,占90.57%;70.90%的过敏性休克发生在用药中或用药后的30 min内。结论:临床用药前应细询过敏史,严格用药指征,选择合适的给药途径;警惕抗感染药物、造影剂、中药制剂所致的过敏性休克;用药期间及后仔细观察,做好及时抢救准备。

Analysis of 1230 cases of anaphylactic shock induced by drugs

Objective:To investigate the regularity and characteristics of anaphylactic shock induced by drugs,and provide references for preventing severe adverse drug reaction(ADR).Methods:1230 cases of ADR reports about anaphylactic shock from 2009 to 2019 in military ADR monitoring center were retrospectively collected and analyzed in terms of gender,age,drug types,route of administration,association evaluation,outcome and so on.Results:Anaphylactic shock was mainly caused by anti-infective drugs(28.54%),blood system drugs(14.63%),diagnostic drugs(10.98%),traditional Chinese medicines(9.76%)and antineoplastic agents(8.70%).Intravenous administration led to the highest incidence of anaphylactic shock(90.57%).70.90%of anaphylactic shock occurred during or within 30 minutes of administration.Conclusion:We should inquire detailed history of allergy before administration,strictly control the indication,select rational route of administration,beware of anaphylactic shock caused by anti-infective drugs,contrast agents and traditional Chinese medicines,carefully observe reactions after administration and be prepared for timely rescue.