导师制在新入职护士培训中应用的系统评价

目的了解有关导师制模式在新入职护士培训中应用的研究现状,为其规范化应用提供循证依据。方法利用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普期刊数据库(VIP)、万方数据库(Wanfang Data)和中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM),根据纳入和排除标准检索出导师制模式在新入职护士培训中应用的研究文献,对其内容信息进行循证分析评价。结果共纳入18篇文献,其中随机对照研究5篇、非随机对照研究13篇。导师选拔标准学历最低要求为专科,职称要求为护师及以上,具有至少3年临床经验的人员。具体培训、指导内容差别较大,不同研究在专业理论知识、实践操作能力、职业发展、思想引导、生活帮扶等方面各有涉及,着重点不同。培训后考核、职业认同感、按期转正率和各方满意度是评价导师制培训效果的常用指标。结论导师制能够有效地提高新入职护士的知识、技能水平和职业认同感等,但其实施方法、评价指标等存在一定差异,影响了效果评价和推广应用。仍需多中心大样本研究,提高研究质量,为导师制在护士培训中的应用提供有力证据参考。

Systematic review of studies on tutorial system in training of newly recruited nurses

Objective To investigate the research status of tutorial system in training of newly recruited nurses,and provide evidence-based reference for standardized procedures of tutorial system.Methods Use of computer to search the database,including CNKI,Weipu Journal Database(VIP),Wanfang Data and China Biomedical Literature Database(CBM).An evidence-based evaluation was conducted to studies which meet the inclusion criteria.Results Totally 18 studies were collected,including 5 random control trails(RCTs),13 non-RCTs.The lowest education level required for the tutor was college degree,and the professional title of the tutor was nurse practitioner or above,with more than 3 years of clinical working experience.The content of training such as theoretical knowledge,practice skills,career development,ideological guidance,life support varied from researches.The common indicators of training efficacy were assessment after training,professional self-identity,rate of becoming a full-time nurse and satisfaction degree of all kinds.Conclusion The tutorial system is potentially effective to improve newly recruited nurses’knowledge level,practice skills and professional self-identity.The promotion and application of tutorial system may be influenced by diverse implementation methods and assessment indicators.More multi-center large-sample studies should be conducted to provide evidence-based reference for standardized procedures of tutorial system.