青岛居民膳食脂肪摄人量及脂肪酸构成的调查分析

目的探析青岛居民膳食中脂肪摄入量及脂肪酸构成情况，以及其与血脂异常的相关性。为引导居民合理膳食，预防心血管病（CHD）的发生提供科学依据。方法2010年3月至7月期间采用营养流行病学调查方法对健康体检人群进行整群随机抽样选取189例研究对象（男性53例，女性136例）。分别进行体格检查、空腹血三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、血糖（Glu）检查膳食调查、膳食脂肪酸分析以及膳食脂肪与血脂相关性的分析。结果青岛居民日人均摄入量为粮谷类200g，薯类26g，畜禽肉及内脏类85g，海产品73g，坚果类23g，油脂类40g。蛋白质占摄入总热量16％，碳水化合物48％，脂肪37％。油脂类占脂肪摄入43％，坚果类占11％。饱和脂肪酸（S）：单不饱和脂肪酸（M）：多不饱和脂肪酸（P）（S：M：P=1：1．5：1．49，n-6／n-3=23）。脂肪摄入量较高，其主要原因是植物油及坚果类摄人量较多。ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3PUFAs）食物摄入量较低，长链n一3PUFAs为0．15g。血脂异常人群营养素摄人量和体质指数（BMI）均高于健康人群；脂肪日人均摄入量越高TC、TG、LDL水平越高，而HDL水平下降，长链n-3PUFAs对TG、LDL有正向调节的作用。结论青岛居民的膳食脂肪摄入量较高，长链n-3PUFAS的摄入量偏低。长链n-3PUFAS与血脂异常有负相关性，减少该地区居民膳食总脂肪摄入，增加膳食中富含n-3PUFAs的海鱼产品摄入，对该地区居民控制血脂，防治CHD的发生具有重要意义。

Dietary fat intake and fatty acid composition

Objective To investigate dietary＂ fat intake and fatty acid composition in Qingdao residents. Methods Cluster random sampling method was used to select 189 adults （53 males and 136 females） between March and to July 2010. The food intake habit and the relationship between nutrient, fat, fatty acid composition and serum lipid concentrations were analyzed. Results Per capita intake of cereal was 200 g,potato 26 g,poultry meat and offal 85 g,seafood 73 g,nuts 23 g,and oils 40 g. Protein accounted for 16% of total calorie intake, carbohydrate 48% , and fat 37%. Oils accounted for 43% of fat intake, and nuts 11%. High fat intake was mainly contributed to intake of oils and nuts. Those with dyslipidemia showed higher nutritent intake and body mass index. Conclusion Qingdao residents show higher dietary fat intake and lower long-chainω-3 （n-3）PUFAs consumption. Long-chain n-3 PUFAs may be negatively correlated with dyslipidemia.