健康教育及心理干预在哮喘患者治疗中的作用

目的探讨健康教育及心理干预对哮喘患者生存质量的影响。方法96例支气管哮喘患者分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组在常规治疗及护理的基础上给予健康教育及心理干预。结果治疗组对其疾病的认识水平普遍提高，学会在家中监测病情变化，掌握哮喘急性发作或恶化时自行进行简单处理的方法；治疗组临床控制30例，显效15例，好转3例，总显效率（临床控制＋显效）达93．75％，显著高于对照组62．5％（P〈0．01）；治疗组治疗后1年一秒用力呼气容积、呼气峰流速、哮喘控制测试评分（FEV1、PEF值及ACT）均明显优于对照组（P〈0．01）；观察组治疗后1年哮喘发作次数、发作天数及缺勤天数均比对照组明显减少（P〈0．01～0．00001）。结论健康教育及心理干预是落实防治哮喘措施、提高防治水平的重要环节，对于有效地维持患者病情的长期稳定、提高患者的生存质量、减轻家庭和社会的经济负担具有重要意义。

Effects of health education and psychological intervention on patients with asthma

Objective To investigate the impact of health education and psychological intervention on quality of life of patients with asthma. Methods Ninety-six patients with bronchial asthma were assigned to the treatment group and the control group. The participants in the treatment group were treated with routine therapy and health education and psychological intervention. Results The awareness of bronchial asthma, self monitoring of health condition, and simple strategies to treat acute or serious asthma were improved in the treatment group. The overall effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group （93.75% vs 62. 5% , P 〈0. 01 ） , and forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1）, peak expiratory flow （PEF） and ACT score were significantly improved （all P 〈 0. 01 ）. Moreover, episode of bronchial asthma was significantly reduced after the combined intervention （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Health education and psychological intervention may contribute to effective prevention and treatment of asthma, improved quality of life of patients, and reduced family and social economic burden.