上海地区汉族人群人类血小板抗原基因的多态性研究

目的研究上海地区汉族人群人类血小板抗原HPA-1～16系统基因多态性分布，为快速寻找更合适的血小板输注提供实验依据。方法采用PCR-SSP方法对137名上海地区汉族健康成年人进行HPA-1～16系统基因分型。结果HPA-1～6和HPA-15的基因频率分别为HPA-1a 0．9854，HPA-1b 0．0146，HPA-2a 0.9453，HPA-2b 0．0547，HPA-3a 0．5511．HPA-3b 0．4489，HPA-4a 0．9964，HPA-4b 0．0036，HPA-5a 0．9891，HPA-5 b0．0109，HPA-6a 0．9781，HPA-6b 0．0219，HPA-15a 0．5292，HPA-15b 0．4708；其余HPA系统只检测到a等位基因，其基因频率均为1．0000。经χ^2检验，符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传定律。结论HPA基因多态性分布存在明显的种族和地域性差异。HPA-1～6和HPA-15系统基因频率分布具有多态性，其中HPA-3和HPA-15系统杂合度最高，抗原分布不配合比例相对高，在临床配合性血小板输注中必须加以重视。HPA-3基因多态性分布更具有上海地区特点。

Study on Genetic Polymorphism of Human Platelet Antigens in Shanghai Chinese Hans

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the allele frequencies of the human platelet alloantigens 1～16 system （HPA-1～16） in Shanghai unrelated and healthy Han population, and provide the credible basis to look for compatible platelets transfusing patients. Methods The genotypes of 16 HPA systems were performed by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primer（PCR-SSP） for 137 samples. Results The gene frequencies obtained from 137 unrelated Shanghai were 0. 985 4 and 0. 014 6 for HPA-1a and-1b,0. 945 3 and 0. 054 7 for HPA-2a and -2b, 0. 551 1 and 0. 448 9 for HPA-3a and -3b,0. 996 4 and 0. 003 6 for HPA-4a and -4b,0. 989 1 and 0. 010 9 for HPA-5a and - 5b,0. 978 1 and 0. 021 9 for HPA-6a and -6b,0. 529 2 and 0, 0. 470 8 for HPA-15a and -15b. All the individuals tested were homozygotesfor HPA-7a～14a and HPA-16a. There was a good fit to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium within each group. Re s ults of our study has deference from allele frequency of HPA-3 reported in Handan Chinese population （χ^2=4. 881,P= 0. 027）. Conclusion This study conformed the ethnic and original difference of HPA. It displayed that HPA-3 has its own characteristic in Shanghai Han population. The highest heterozygotes were HPA-3 and HPA-15,we must pay attention to their roles in cilinical platelet matched transfusion.