预成钛网结合颊脂垫瓣和自体植骨修复上颌骨缺损

目的介绍一种以钛网支架结合带蒂颊脂垫瓣和自体植骨移植,行上颌骨缺损个体化三维重建的手术方法。方法自2001年5月迄今,对16例上颌骨因肿瘤及外伤后缺损者,分别以三维CT及快速原型技术预成实体模型,通过CAD/CAM将健侧上颌骨复制到患侧缺损部位,在模型上塑形精确钛网,结合带蒂颊脂垫瓣内衬钛网内侧,行自体植骨以重建上颌骨形态和功能。结果16例上颌骨缺损于修复术后6-36个月随访观察,创口均一期愈合,面部轮廓对称,进食时无食物从鼻腔返流。16例中8例钛网支架结合带蒂颊脂垫瓣移植并行自体植骨上颌骨缺损重建者,已行可摘局部义齿修复,能进普食,语言清晰,活动义齿修复功能良好。3例上颌骨功能性重建术后5-12个月经鼻咽内窥镜检查,发现钛网内衬有正常软组织覆盖。结论本手术方法使术后患者上颌骨外形和口腔功能得到改善,且将带蒂颊脂垫植入上颌窦黏膜与钛网之间,避免了移植物的暴露,血管化的颊脂垫不仅有助于自体骨与钛网支架较好的结合,同时能恢复部分上颌窦的正常生理功能。

Reconstruction of maxillary defect by prefabricated titanium mesh combined with pedicled buccal fat pad flap and bone autograft

OBJECTIVE: To introduce indvidulized 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of maxillary defect by prefabricated titanium mesh combined with pedicled buccal fat pad flap (PBFPF) and bone autograft. METHODS: Since May, 2001, 16 patients with maxillary defect resulted from tumor or trauma were treated. The 3-D models were created through 3-D CT and rapid prototype technique. The maxilla on the unaffected side was copied to the affected side by CAD/CAM. Then the titanium mesh was prefabricated accuratedly on the 3-D model. The PBFPF served as lining of the titanium mesh and the autogeneous bone graft was used to reconstruct the shape and function of maxilla. RESULTS: The duration of follow-up was 6 to 36 months. All the wounds healed primarily with good facial symmetry. No food reflux to nasal cavity was observed. The dentitions in 8 of 16 cases were restored with good function by removable partial denture. They could have normal diet and were articulate. Nasopharyngoscopy showed normal tissue lining of the titanium mesh 5-12 months after operation in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Satisfactory aesthetic and functional result can be achieved with this 3-D reconstruction method for maxilla defect. The PBFPF was insert bettew titanium mesh and muscous of maxilla sinus to avoid exposure of titanium mesh. The fat pad flap with blood supply promotes wound healing and helps patially restoring the function of the maxillary sinus.