The risk of PTSD and depression after an airplane crash and its potential association with physical injury: A longitudinal study |
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| Institution: | 2. Utrecht University, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. Academic Medical Centre, Trauma Unit Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;4. VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;5. EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;2. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;3. The Leonard Davis Institute, Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;4. Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;5. Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States;6. Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University School of Philadelphia Medicine, PA, United States;1. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, United States;2. Bureau of Sciences Services, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, United States;3. National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, United States;1. Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;2. Emergency Medical Services Agency, Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, Santa Fe Springs, CA, USA;1. Department of Trauma Research, Medical Center of Plano, 3901 West 15th Street, Plano, TX 75075, United States;2. Department of Trauma Research, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Ave, Englewood, CO 80113, United States;3. Department of Trauma Research, St. Anthony Hospital, 11600 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States;4. Trauma Services Department, Medical Center of Plano, 3901 W. 15th St, Plano, TX 75075, United States;5. Trauma Services Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 11600 West 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States;7. Trauma Services Department, Swedish Medical Center, 499 E. Hampden Ave, Englewood, CO 80113, United States;6. Trauma Services Department, Intermountain Neurosurgery, 11700 W. 2nd Place, Lakewood, CO 80228, United States;8. Trauma Services Department, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S. Chambers Rd, Parker, CO 80134, United States |
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| Abstract: | In 2009, a commercial airplane crashed near Amsterdam. This longitudinal study aims to investigate (1) the proportion of survivors of the airplane crash showing a probable posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) or depressive disorder, and (2) whether symptoms of PTSD and depression were predicted by trauma characteristics. Identifying these trauma characteristics is crucial for early detection and treatment. Of the 121 adult survivors, 82 participated in this study 2 months after the crash and 76 participated 9 months after the crash. Risk for PTSD and depression was measured with the self-report instruments Trauma Screening Questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Trauma characteristics assessed were Injury Severity Score (ISS), hospitalisation, length of hospital stay, and seating position in the plane. Two months after the crash, 32 participants (of N = 70, 46%) were at risk for PTSD and 28 (of N = 80, 32%) were at risk for depression. Nine months after the crash, 35 participants (of N = 75, 47%) were at risk for PTSD and 24 (of N = 76, 35%) were at risk for depression. There was a moderate correlation between length of hospital stay and symptoms of PTSD and depression 9 months after the crash (r = .33 and r = .45, respectively). There were no differences in seating position between participants at high risk vs. participants at low risk for PTSD or depression. Mixed design ANOVAs showed also no association between the course of symptoms of PTSD and depression 2 and 9 months after the crash and ISS or hospitalisation. This suggests that health care providers need to be aware that survivors may be at risk for PTSD or depression, regardless of the objective severity of their physical injuries. |
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| Keywords: | Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Depression Injury severity Hospitalisation Airplane crash Longitudinal study |
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