Forensic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of both Y-STR and Y-SNP in the Li and Han ethnic groups from Hainan Island of China |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China;2. Hainan Provincial Blood Center, Haikou, 570311, China;3. College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China;1. Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia;2. College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia;1. Forensic Science SA, GPO Box 2790, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia;2. College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia;1. Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China;2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, PR China;1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, PR China;2. Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China;1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, PR China;2. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China;1. Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China;2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, PR China;1. Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China;2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, PR China, Shanghai 200063, China;1. Department of Forensic Science, Forensic Science Center of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, Hainan, China;2. Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China;3. Judicial Expertise Center, Lingao Public Security Bureau, Lingao, 571800, Hainan, China;1. Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China;2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, PR China;3. Minhang Criminal Police, Shanghai Public Security Bureau, Shanghai 200199, PR China;4. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China;5. Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China;6. College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710061 PR China |
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| Abstract: | Hainan Island is the southernmost and smallest Chinese province, isolated from the mainland. The Li and Han ethnic groups account for over 98% of the population on the island. However, the Li ethnic group is an indigenous community of Hainan Island, with great differences in culture, language and origin with respect to the Han, the largest ethnic group. Here, we studied these two ethnic groups from the perspective of the Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) and short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) to unravel their forensic and phylogenetic characteristics. A total of 302 unrelated male samples from the Li and Han ethnic groups in Hainan Island were genotyped by a combination of three separate typing systems (next-generation sequencing and pyrosequencing for the Y-SNPs and capillary electrophoresis for the Y-STRs), a previously developed high-resolution panel containing 141 Y-SNPs and 27 Y-STRs. The haplotype diversity of the Li ethnic group reached 0.9997, and 49 terminal haplogroups were observed in the Li and Han ethnic groups. Haplogroup O1b1a1a1a1a1b-CTS5854 was the most predominant haplogroup, including 44.12% of Li individuals. Median-joining trees showed little gene flow between the Li and Han individuals, as well as between the Li and other ethnic groups in Hainan Island. Our results indicated that 1) in contrast with the Han ethnic group, a low degree of genetic diversity was observed in the Li ethnic group; 2) there was limited gene flow between the Li and Han ethnic groups; and 3) founder effect was identified in the Li ethnic group in Hainan Island. |
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| Keywords: | Li ethnic group Han ethnic group Hainan Island Phylogeny Founder effect |
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