面神经下颌缘支的应用解剖

本文观测了３３具（６６例）成人尸体标本面神经下颌缘支的分支类型、行程、神经与面动脉的位置关系以及神经穿出腮腺处和与面动脉的交叉处的体位位置。结果：面神经下颌缘支单干型居多，占５７６％，双干型占２５７％；合干型占１６７％；面神经下颌缘支走行于下颌骨下缘的上方者占７６６％，走行于骨下缘的下方者占２３４％；分别走行于骨下缘的上、下方１５ｃｍ范围内；面神经下颌缘支经过面动脉的浅面和深面者分别占９２６％和７４％；面神经下颌缘支穿出腮腺处的体表位置分别在下颌角上方和下颌支后缘前方１ｃｍ交点附近，神经与面动脉交处距于颌支后缘约４ｃｍ，距下颌骨下缘约１ｃｍ。笔者建议：在颌下区手术时，切口应在下颌骨下缘下方２ｃｍ左右为宜

Applied anatomy of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve

The types and courses of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerves and their relations with the facial artery were observed and measured in 66 half heads of 33 adult cadavers.Results:①A single trunk marginal mandibular branches accounts for 57 6%,two trunk type 25 7%,communal trunk type16 7%;②The branches which run along the upper and lower inferior border of the mandible account for 76 6% and 23 4%,respectively,with a range of 15mm;③The marginal mandibular branches which pass superficially and deep to the facial artery account for 92 6% and 5 4%,respectively;④The surface location of the branches running out of the parotid gland is near the intersection between 1cm above mandibular angle and the anterior of the posterior border of the mandible.The distances from the intersection between the nerve and the facial artery to the posterior border of the marginal mandibular branch andto lower border of the mandible were 4cm and 1cm,respectively Suggestion in an operation in the lower region of the manbible an incision should be about 2cm below the inferior of the lower border of the mandible.