RhD免疫性溶血产前诊断与治疗的研究

目的探讨应用荧光定量PCR方法对Rh阴性孕妇血浆中游离胎儿DNA;进行无创性产前诊断胎儿RhD血型及应用血浆置换疗法配合药物治疗孕妇及胎儿Rh(D)血型不合的免疫性溶血病的疗效,预防孕妇早孕自然流产或不足月死胎。方法产前采用荧光定量PCR技术产前检测胎儿RhD血型,分娩后用血清学方法证实。对照组14例用药物治疗孕妇及胎儿Rh(D)血型不合者,实验组15例用血浆置换配合药物治疗对孕妇及胎儿Rh(D)血型不合者进行治疗,观察IgG抗-D抗体效价以及新生儿直接抗人球蛋白试验、游离IgG抗-D抗体、放散试验,胆红素。结果产前荧光定量PCR与产后血清学法Rh(D)血型结果一致。对照组14例孕妇孕期血浆抗体滴度为1∶32～1∶256;实验组15例孕妇PE 2～5次/例,血浆置换前后血浆抗体滴度分别为1∶(96±43.6)、1∶(18±14.7),二者比较有显著统计学差异(t=6.77,P<0.01)。对照组10例发生新生儿溶血病,实验组4例发生新生儿溶血病。对照组10例直接抗人球蛋白试验、游离IgG抗-D抗体、放散试验均阳性,血清胆红素:(84.2～205)μmol/L,平均(154.6±46)μmol/L;实验组4例直接抗人球蛋白试验、游离IgG抗-D抗体、放散试验阳性,血清胆红素:38.3μmol/L～141.2μmol/L,平均(76.5±36)μmol/L。结论应用荧光定量PCR方法进行无创性胎儿RhD血型检测可用于新生儿溶血病的预防和诊断;血浆置换配合药物治疗孕妇及胎儿RhD血型不合的免疫性溶血病的疗效优于单纯药物治疗,值得临床推广应用。

Diagnosis and therapy of Rh(D) hemolytic diseases caused by maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility.

Objective: To explore using fluorescence quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR) for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal RhD blood type with free fetal DNA in RhD-negative maternal plasma and the effective of treating maternal-fetal Rh(D) incompatibility hemolysis disease with plasma exchange with comprehensive medications,prevent the spontaneous abortion and fatal death.Methods: The prenatal diagnosis of RHD genetyping was confirmed by FQ-PCR.The results of fetal RHD were confirmed with cord blood.We enrolled 29 wome...