医院内感染病原菌回顾性调查及其耐药性研究

目的 了解我院近2年医院感染病原菌的分布及其耐药性.方法 采用回顾性调查方法,对3 944株病原菌进行统计分析.结果 革兰阳性球菌1078株,占27.3%;革兰阴性杆菌2 866株,占72.7%.产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌2年平均检出率分别为36.5%和27.9%.革兰阳件球菌对青霉素、苯唑西林、头孢唑啉、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、红霉素、复方新诺明、环丙沙星的2年平均耐药率达84.5%;革兰阴性杆菌对氨苄西林2年平均耐药率达96.0%,对头孢嚷肟、头孢吡肟、庆大霉素、复方新诺明、环丙沙星、氨曲南的2年平均耐药率达52.7%.结论 2年来,医院感染病原菌革兰阴性杆菌增加,革兰阳性球菌不变.细菌耐药性不断增强,临床应加强对抗菌药物使用的干预.

Retrospective review and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria causing nosocomial infection

Objective To evaluate the distribution and drugs resistance of pathogens causing nosocomiaI infection over 2 recent years in the hospital.Methods A total of 3944 strains of pathogens were analyzed statistically by retrospective study.Results Among 3 944 strains of pathogens,1078 were gramDositive cocci(27.3%)and 2866 were gram-negative bacilli(72.7%).Ovet the 2 years,the detection rates of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sppl were 36.5%and 27.9%,respectively.The average resistance rate of gram-positive cocci to penicillin,oxacillin,cefazolin,erythromycin,co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin over the 2 years were up to 84.5%.The average resistance rate of gram-negative bacilli to ampicillin was 96.0%and to cefotaxime,cefepime,gentamycin,co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and aztreonam were 52.7% in 2 years.Conclusions Over the 2 years,gramnegative bacilliin strains causing hospital nosocomial infections increased,gram-positive cocci strains remam stable.In view of the increasing drug resistance,rational use of antimicrobial agents should be stressed in the clinic.