极低出生体质量儿早期微量喂养的临床研究

目的探讨早期微量喂养对极低出生体质量儿的喂养耐受性和体质量增长的影响。方法选择出生体质量低于1.5 kg的早产儿68例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组34例。对照组在常规静脉营养的基础上于生后1周内给予微量喂养,观察组在常规静脉营养的基础上于生后24～72 h内经口或鼻饲喂养,比较2组胃肠不耐受的发生率、胎粪完全排尽时间、恢复出生体质量时间以及达到完全喂养量的时间。结果对照组与观察组喂养不耐受的发生率分别为64.7%（22/34）和14.7%（5/34）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组患儿的胎粪完全排尽、恢复出生体质量以及达完全喂养量时间显著短于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论早期微量喂养可显著改善极低出生体质量儿喂养不耐受,是有效的喂养方法。

Early Trace Feeding of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Objective To explore the influence of early trace feeding on the feeding tolerance and weight growth in very low birth weight infants.Methods Sixty-eight very low birth weight infants（less than 1.5 kg）were randomly divided into two groups,with 34 infants in each group.On the basis of conventional parenteral nutrition,the control group was given trace feeding within 1 week after birth and the observation group was given oral or nasogastric feeding within 24-72 hours after birth.The incidence of gastrointestinal intolerance,time to completely draining meconium,time to restoring birth weight and time to achieving full feeding were compared between the two groups.Results The incidence of gastrointestinal intolerance was,respectively,64.7%（22/34） and 14.7%（5/34）in control group and observation group,and the difference was significant（P〈0.05）.Compared with control group,the time to completely draining meconium,time to restoring birth weight and time to achieving full feeding obviously decreased in observation group（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Early trace feeding,as an effective feeding method,can improve the feeding intolerance in very low birth weight infants.