黑龙江省农村居民乙型病毒性肝炎与艾滋病非传播途径知晓率比较研究

目的了解并比较黑龙江省农村居民对乙型病毒性肝炎（HepatitisB，HB，简称乙肝）和艾滋病非传播途径知识的掌握情况，为减少对病人及病毒感染者的歧视，并为今后在农村一般人群中开展有针对性的宣传教育提供依据。方法在黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市富裕县和牡丹江市海林县，运用整群抽样的方法随机抽取3个村，对村中15～69岁的全部村民采用人户面对面询问，或自填调查问卷的方式进行不记名的问卷调查。结果共发放问卷2000份，收回有效问卷1958份。农村居民对乙肝、艾滋病非传播途径知识的总体知晓率分别为6．54％和9．96％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。对乙肝和艾滋病均一无所知者为21人，占1．07％。除蚊虫叮咬这一非传播途径的知晓率为乙肝（25．83％）高于艾滋病（21．91％）外，其余各非传播途径的知晓率均为乙肝低于艾滋病（P〈0．01）。不同人口特征的调查对象（除年龄为60～69岁组及本地居住低于2年组外），对4种非传播途径的总知晓率均为乙肝低于艾滋病。结论黑龙江省农村居民对乙肝、艾滋病非传播途径的认知水平均低，且尤以乙肝严重，需加大此两种疾病尤其是乙肝非传播途径的宣传教育。

Comparative study of the knowledge rates about the non-transmission routes of AIDS and hepatitis B among rural residents in Heilongjiang province

Objective To study and compare the level of knowledge about the route of non-transmission of AIDS and hepatitis B among rural residents in Heilongjiang province in order to decrease stigma and provide evidence for future relevant health education. Methods Three villages were selected using cluster sampling from Fuyu county of Qiqihaer city and Hailin county of Mudanjiang city of Heilongjiang province. An anonymous self administerted questionnaire was distributed to all the rural residents between 15 to 69 years old through household surveys in the 3 selected villages. Results A total of 2000 questionnaires were distributed, and 1958 were returned. Among the surveyed rural residents, the overall rate of knowledge about the route of non-transmission of hepatitis B and AIDS was 6.54% and 9.96%, respectively （P〈0.01）. The number of subjects who knew nothing about AIDS and hepatitis 13 was 21（1.07%）. Except for the knowledge of ＂insect bites＂ which was higher for hepatitis B（25.83%） than for HIV（21.91%）, the other knowledge of routes of non-transmission for hepatitis B was lower than for AIDS（P〈 0.01）. Except for age group of 60- 69 years and residents living less than 2 years in the villages, the overall knowledge rate of 4 non-transmission routes for hepatitis B among the subjects of various demographic features was higher than that for HIV/AIDS. Conclusions The knowledge level about the route of non-transission for AIDS and hepatitis B among rural residents in Heilongjiang province is relatively low, especially for hepatitis B. More intensive hepatitis B and AIDS related health education should be conducted among rural residents in this province.