孕产妇健康信息交流的人际网络研究

背景　妊娠分娩对于女性而言需要更多的社会支持。信息支持是社会支持体系的重要组成。获取健康信息对于孕产妇在孕产期保健中采取正确行为，维护和保障母婴健康至关重要。目的　分析太原市孕产妇交流健康信息的个体人际网络特征，以及不同特征孕产妇健康信息交流网的差异，为改善孕产妇健康教育中人际传播的效果提供参考。方法　综合考虑医院的性质和等级，选择太原市一家省级妇幼保健院、一家民营医院和一家乡镇卫生院作为调查现场。对2016年11月-2017年8月在以上3家机构门诊就诊的孕产妇进行调查。自行设计调查问卷，内容包括基本资料和自我中心网络信息。让孕产妇提供至多5个经常交流健康信息的对象，形成健康信息交流网，从网络规模、趋同性、紧密程度和关系构成4个方面分析。结果　共发放问卷1 100份，回收有效问卷863份，回收有效率为78.45%。孕产妇健康信息交流网的平均规模为（4.12±1.23），文化程度趋同性平均为（0.61±0.34），紧密程度平均为（0.68±0.29）。交流成员提及比例依次为：朋友/同事（76.66%）、母亲（48.89%）、姐妹（47.37%）、丈夫（41.31%）、医生（25.79%）等。构建孕产妇健康信息交流网的分析图可知，城市的低学历孕产妇的健康信息交流网络类型为低趋同性、有医学背景；县乡村的低学历孕产妇的健康信息交流网络类型为低趋同性、无医学背景；城市的高学历孕产妇的健康信息交流网络类型为高紧密度、高趋同性、有医学背景；县乡村的高学历孕产妇的健康信息交流网络类型为高紧密度、高趋同性、无医学背景。结论　太原市多数孕产妇已建立起较为稳定的健康信息交流网，交流网的紧密度高、成员亲缘比例高、朋友/同事比例高，但是医生比例偏低且存在城乡差异。

Interpersonal Networks in Healthcare Communication in Pregnant and Postpartum Women

Background Adequate social support is necessary for women during pregnancy and childbirth.Information support is an important part of the social support system.Health information accessing can guide pregnant and postpartum women in choosing appropriate maternal healthcare services,and is essential to maintain and promote maternal and child health.Objective To explore the overall and subgroup characteristics of interpersonal networks in healthcare communication in pregnant and postpartum women in Taiyuan,China,so as to provide a reference for improving the effect of interpersonal communication in maternal health education.Methods This study was carried out in a sample of pregnant and postpartum women receiving outpatient services in 3 healthcare institutions of different owners and levels(a public provincial maternal and child health hospital,a public township hospital,and a private hospital)from November 2016 to August 2017.A self-made questionnaire was used to collect the general information,and interpersonal network[consisting of most frequently contacted persons(at least 5)for obtaining health information].The interpersonal networks were analyzed by size,homogeneity,personal familiarity and relationships with the members of the network.Results A total of 1100 pregnant and postpartum women participated in the survey,and 863(78.45%)of them responded effectively.Among the respondents,the size,and cultural homogeneity of interpersonal networks were(4.12±1.23)(0.61±0.34),respectively.And their average level of familiarity with the members in the interpersonal networks was(0.68±0.29).The major members in their interpersonal networks were friends/coworkers(76.66%),mother(48.89%),sister(s)(47.37%),husband(41.31%),and doctors(25.79%).Correspondence analysis map of their interpersonal networks in healthcare communication showed that,the networks showed low level of homogeneity with medical background,low level of homogeneity without medical background in pregnant and postpartum women with low education level living in urban areas,and those living in counties,towns and villages,respectively.Moreover,for those with high education level living in urban areas,and living in counties,towns and villages,the networks demonstrated high level of familiarity,high level of homogeneity with medical background,and high level of familiarity,high level of homogeneity without medical background,respectively.Conclusion Most pregnant and postpartum women in Taiyuan had a relatively stable interpersonal network in healthcare communication.They had high-level familiarity with the members in the network,which contained high percentages of relatives,and friends/coworkers,but low percentage of doctors,and had urbanrural differences.