Pain-Related Fear in Adults Living With Chronic Pain: Development and Psychometric Validation of a Brief Form of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chronic Pain Clinic, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Canada;2. School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen''s University, Kingston, Canada;3. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen''s University, Kingston, Canada;4. Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen''s University, Kingston, Canada;5. Michael G. DeGroote Pain Clinic, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada;6. School of Medicine, Queen''s University, Kingston, Canada;7. School of Nursing, Queen''s University, Kingston, Canada;8. Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen''s University, Kingston, ON, Canada;1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;2. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;3. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Hospital Organization Saitama Hospital, Saitama, Japan;4. Brain Attack Center Ota Memorial Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan;5. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan;6. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohama Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan;1. Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT;2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO;3. Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlotteville, VA;4. Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD;5. Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN;6. Section of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Scania, Sweden;7. Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;8. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA;9. California Rehabilitation Institute, Los Angeles, CA;1. Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS;2. Illinois Multiple Sclerosis Research Collaborative, Interdisciplinary Health Science Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL;3. Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel;4. Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;5. Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;6. Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit of the Neurology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel;7. NeuroCure, Charité–Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;8. Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité–Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;9. Department of Neurology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;10. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS;11. Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;12. Rush Alzheimer''s Disease Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL;3. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN;1. John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI;2. Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI;3. Research Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA;4. International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada;5. Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health; and School of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;6. Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA;7. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;8. Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI;9. Department of Neurological Surgery, Physical Medicine & Rehabiliation, and Physical Therapy, Miami, FL;10. The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo develop and validate a brief version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) while preserving content validity in a mixed chronic pain population.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTertiary care interdisciplinary chronic pain clinic.ParticipantsAdults with chronic pain (N=933; mean age, 53.5±15.7 years; 63% women).InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasureTSK-11 measured at intake. Self-reported data from a patient registry were extracted from November 2017 to October 2019.ResultsAn exploratory factor analysis identified a 2-factor structure from the TSK-11 and item reduction resulted in a 7-item TSK (TSK-7) with 61.2% explained variance and Cronbach's alphas of 0.76 and 0.70 for each of the 2 factors. To maximally reduce the number of items without affecting internal consistency, a 5-item TSK (TSK-5) with 72% explained variance was also explored. Strong correlations were found between the newly developed brief TSK versions and TSK-11 (r>0.93), suggesting good concurrent validity. TSK-11, TSK-7, and TSK-5 had similar convergent validity with moderate correlations for pain catastrophizing (r=0.57, 0.58, 0.54), depression (r=0.45, 0.46, 0.42), pain interference (r=0.43, 0.44, 0.40), and pain acceptance (r=–0.57, –0.59, –0.55).ConclusionsThese 2 brief versions of the TSK may help to simplify questionnaires across chronic pain centers where multiple outcome measures are used for a complete biopsychosocial assessment of patients. |
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| Keywords: | Adult Fear Movement Psychometrics |
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