某院162例药品不良反应报告调查分析

目的：了解某院药品不良反应（ADR）发生的特点及规律，促进临床合理用药。方法对某院2012年收集的162例ADR报告，分别从患者性别及年龄、出现不良反应时间、给药途径、ADR涉及器官或系统及临床表现、引发ADR的药品种类、ADR的转归及报告人职业等进行统计和分析。结果162例ADR报告中70岁以上者所占比例最大（44.44%，72/162）；引起ADR的主要药品种类为抗菌药物（23.76％，48/202），其次为心血管系统药物（12.38％，25/202）；静脉滴注给药方式是引发ADR的主要给药途径（80.86%，131/162）；ADR临床表现以皮肤及其附件损害为主（29.67%，73/246）；多数患者发生ADR经停药及对症处理后好转或治愈，对原患疾病影响不明显（51.23%，83/162）；ADR上报人员以医生和护士为主，分别为29.01%（47/162）、69.75%（113/162）。结论医护人员应加强对老年患者的用药监护，密切观察患者用药后0.5 h内的反应；除静脉给药外，还应考虑其他给药方式；更加关注用药后患者皮肤及其附件的变化；对抗菌药物的使用应加强管理；对于不良反应的处理得当，可继续保持；应增加药师的ADR上报率。

Investigation and analysis of 162 reports of adverse drug reaction in a hospital

Objective To study the occurrence characteristics and regularity of adverse drug reactions （ADR） in a hospi-tal in order to improve the rational drug use in clinic. Methods Totally 162 reports of ADR,collected from a hospital in 2012, were statistically analyzed according to gender and age,response time of adverse reactions,route of administration,organs or sys-tems involved in ADR and clinical manifestation,drug kinds causing ADR,outcomes of ADR,occupations of the reporters and so on. Results ADR occurred frequently in the patients over 70 accounting for 44.44%（72/162）;the main drugs causing ADR were antibacterial agents （23.76%,48/202）,followed by cardiovascular agents （12.38%,25/202）;the main route of administration causing ADR was intravenous drip（80.86%,131/162）;the clinical manifestation mainly concentrated on the damage of skin and its accessories（29.67%,73/246）;most patients were improved or cured after discontinued medication by symptomatic treatment without obvious effects on the original disease（51.23%,83/162）;the reporters of ADR were mainly doctors and nurses,accounting for 29.01%（47/162） and 69.75%（113/162）respectively. Conclusion Medical workers should strengthen the monitoring of el-derly patients on drug use,and observe the reaction of patients within 0.5 h after medication closely. Besides intravenous drip , other drug-delivery way also should be considered. The changes of patients′skin and its accessories after medication should be paid more attention. The application of antibacterial agents should be strengthened. The method dealing with the ADR is well and should be kept. The reporting rate of ADR of pharmacists should be increased.