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目的 探讨乳腺导管内乳头状瘤(intraductal papillomas，IP)癌变的临床表现、生物学行为、诊断、治疗及预后。方法 对1980年1月至2001年12月间7例IP癌变病人临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 7例IP癌变占同期113例IP的5．19％，术前均未能确诊，5例术中冰冻考虑IP癌变。结论 IP有癌变潜能，其癌变者术前确诊困难，术中冰冻对诊断治疗意义重大，应重视术后随访。

Clinical analysis of 7 cases of carcinomatous change of breast intraductal papillomas

Objective To evaluate carcinomatous change of breast intraductal papillomas(IP),its clinical characteristics,biological behavior,diagnosis and treatment.Methods Seven patients with carcinomatous change of intraductal papillomas from January 1980 to December 2001 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Five point one nine percent of IP were found carcinomatous change(7/113).All of the 7 cases had undergone operation.Frozen section showed that five cases were considered carcinomatous change of intraductal papillomas.Conclusion Breast intraductal papillomas may develop carcinomatous change.Preoperative diagnosis of carcinomatous change is difficult.Intraoperative frozen section will be good to determine what kind of operation should be taken.We should also pay attention to postoperative follow-up.isfactory sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma; radioimmunoassay is also a good means to measure the urinary HA levels. Key words Bladder carcinoma; Hyaluronic acid; Urine