呼吸系统毒理学研究进展

呼吸系统是工业和环境毒物重要的毒作用靶。刺激性毒物引起上呼吸道从纤毛暂时性功能失常至细胞坏死脱落等多种损害。急性和亚急性接触肺毒物引起肺泡Ⅰ型细胞的坏死脱落和内皮细胞的损伤,导致肺水肿。我们的研究结果提示,动物接触高浓度刺激性毒物可发生成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)。肺组织的严重损伤可引起纤维细胞增生及阻塞性细支气管肺泡炎。纤维化是慢性肺损伤最重要的组织反应之一。我校曾利用免疫组化法研究了博莱霉素诱发大鼠肺间质纤维化时肺细胞外间质,结果提示;在肺纤维化过程中V型胶原的检测可用于评估纤维化病变的预后。

Advance in Toxicological Study on Respiratory System

Respiratory system is the important target of workplace and environmental toxicants. Irritants cause various damage at the upper respiratory tract from transient dysfunction of ciliary motion to cellular degeneration and necrosis. Acute and subacute exposure of pneu-motoxin cause degeneration and necrosis of type I pneumocytes and damage of endothelium, resulting in pulmonary edema. Our results indicated that the adult respiratory distress syn-drom ( ARDS ) may occur when the animals exposed to higher concentration of irritants.Serious injury of lung tissue may cause the proliferation of fibroblats and the obstructive alve-obronchiolitis. Fibrosis is one of the most prominent tissue responses to chronic damage of lung. In our university the extracellular matrix during bleomycin-induced pulmonary interslitial fibrosis in rats were studied, using immunohistochemical method. The results indicated that collagen V detection may display a new sign for evaluation of pathological changes of lung fibrosis.