Ocular measurements in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders |
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| Authors: | Diego A Gomez Philip A May Barbara G Tabachnick Julie M Hasken Elizabeth R Lyden Wendy O Kalberg H Eugene Hoyme Melanie A Manning Margaret P Adam Luther K Robinson Kenneth Lyons Jones David Buckley Omar A Abdul‐Rahman |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Arts and Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA;2. Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;3. Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, & Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA;4. Department of Psychology, California State University, Northridge, California, USA;5. Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA;6. Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA;7. Sanford Children's Genomic Medicine Consortium, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA;8. Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA;9. Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA;10. Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA;11. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;12. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1020-9989;13. Department of Genetic Medicine, Munroe‐Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA;14. Omar A. Abdul‐Rahman, Department of Genetic Medicine, Munroe‐Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE. |
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| Abstract: | Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) describe a range of physical, behavioral, and neurologic deficits in individuals exposed to alcohol prenatally. Reduced palpebral fissure length is one of the cardinal facial features of FASD. However, other ocular measurements have not been studied extensively in FASD. Using the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Epidemiologic Research (FASER) database, we investigated how inner canthal distance (ICD), interpupillary distance (IPD), and outer canthal distance (OCD) centiles differed between FASD and non‐FASD individuals. We compared ocular measurement centiles in children with FASD to non‐FASD individuals and observed reductions in all three centiles for ICD, IPD, and OCD. However, when our non‐FASD children who had various forms of growth deficiency (microcephaly, short‐stature, or underweight) were compared to controls, we did not observe a similar reduction in ocular measurements. This suggests that reductions in ocular measurements are a direct effect of alcohol on ocular development independent of its effect on growth parameters, which is consistent with animal models showing a negative effect of alcohol on developing neural crest cells. Interpupillary distance centile appeared to be the most significantly reduced ocular measure we evaluated, suggesting it may be a useful measure to be considered in the diagnosis of FASD. |
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