汽车制造业电焊烟尘对作业工人呼吸系统的影响

目的 了解汽车制造业电焊作业环境中职业病危害因素,探讨电焊烟尘对作业工人呼吸系统的影响。 方法 收集2007-2011年两家汽车制造企业电焊工作场所有害物质检测数据,评估危害程度;对2007-2011年某汽车制造企业参与健康体检的电焊工人、其他粉尘接触工人、无职业病危害因素接触人群的健康检查结果进行分析。 结果 电焊作业场所日常监测结果显示,本次所调查的企业电焊作业场所中,电焊烟尘浓度2007-2009年度有超标点,二氧化锰浓度2007-2010年有超标点;2007-2011年电焊烟尘和二氧化锰浓度均值均低于国家卫生标准。暂未发现尘肺病患者,四组研究对象各年胸片检查异常检出率无统计学差异(P>0.05);2008年、2009年、2010年各年呼吸道自觉症状异常检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.73、10.97、11.31,P<0.05);2008年、2009年、2011年各年肺功能异常检出率之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.62、8.29、8.14,P<0.05)。接尘组(包括焊工组和粉尘组)与非接尘对照组间检出率差距明显。肺功能损伤以限制型肺通气功能障碍为主,肺功能异常与工龄存在一定关系,工龄长的异常较明显。 结论 研究企业存在低浓度电焊烟尘、二氧化锰的危害。呼吸道自觉症状和肺功能检查对早期发现粉尘对肺部的影响有重要意义。肺功能异常与工龄存在一定关系。

Adverse effects of welding fumes on exposed workers' respiratory system in automobile manufacturing industry

Objective To investigate the exposure level of occupational hazards of welding operation environment in automobile manufacturing industry, and the adverse effects of welding fumes on the workers' respiratory system. Methods The monitoring data during 2007 to 2011 in two welding workshops and occupational health examination data of welding operators, workers in exposure to other fumes and the workers without any records of occupational exposure were collected and evaluated. Results The exposure level of both welding fume and manganese dioxide of workers in this enterprise from 2007 to 2011 was low but the concentration of welding fume at a few welding worksites from 2007 to 2009 and manganese dioxide from 2007 to 2010 was still higher than the national exposure limits. No case of pneumoconiosis was diagnosed till moment and the chest radiograph showed that there was no difference of abnormality rate among these different four groups(P>0.05). However, the self-reported abnormality of respiratory symptoms was significantly different in the years from 2008 to 2010 (χ2=8.73,10.97,11.31,P<0.05). The abnormality of lung function were significantly different in the year 2008,2009 and 2011 respectively(χ2=8.62,8.29,8.14,P=0.04). The exposed worker(including welding fume exposure and dust exposure) had higher abnormality than that of non-exposed workers. The pulmonary function damage of the exposed group was mainly manifested with restrictive pulmonary dysfunction. The lung function abnormality was positively relative to the working years. Conclusion Though the exposure level of welding fume and manganese dioxide was low in this enterprise, the exposed workers still had health problem including respiratory consciousness symptoms and reduced pulmonary function. Self-reported abnormality of respiratory symptoms and regular chest checkup will help control the damage to lungs resulted from inhalation of welding fumes. The abnormality of lung function was relative to the working years.