Technology use in mental health practice and research: Legal and ethical risks

Mental health professionals are tasked with upholding guidelines, principles, and standards set forth by professional organizations and local jurisdictions. Simultaneously, providers are increasingly expected to utilize technology with research participants and patients in psychotherapy and to communicate with other professionals. Digital methods such as text messaging, data storage, record keeping, and videoconferencing have all moved the boundaries of professional work beyond physical office spaces. This synergy between mental healthcare delivery and technology use has empowered providers to think beyond traditional models of care and reach populations who otherwise might not be able to receive services. However, the development and understanding of ethical and legal concern have been hampered by few training opportunities and the absence of competency standards. This article provides specific areas of risk, example scenarios where technology is used, and recommendations for providers to consider.